Genetic control of flowering

ABSTRACT

FCA genes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus are provided, enabling flowering characteristics, particularly timing of flowering, to be influenced in transgenic plants. Timing of flowering may be delayed or hastened using sense and antisense expression, also various mutants and alleles, including alternatively spliced forms.

This invention relates to the genetic control of flowering in plants and the cloning and expression of genes involved therein. More particularly, the invention relates to the cloning and expression of the FCA gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, and homologues from other species, and manipulation and use of these genes in plants.

Efficient flowering in plants is important, particularly when the intended product is the flower or the seed produced therefrom. One aspect of this is the timing of flowering: advancing or retarding the onset of flowering can be useful to farmers and seed producers. An understanding of the genetic mechanisms which influence flowering provides a means for altering the flowering characteristics of the target plant. Species for which flowering is important to crop production are numerous, essentially all crops which are grown from seed, with important examples being the cereals, rice and maize, probably the most agronomically important in warmer climatic zones, and wheat, barley, oats and rye in more temperate climates. Important seed products are oil seed rape, sugar beet, maize, sunflower, soybean and sorghum. Many crops which are harvested for their roots are, of course, grown annually from seed and the production of seed of any kind is very dependent upon the ability of the plant to flower, to be pollinated and to set seed. In horticulture, control of the timing of flowering is important. Horticultural plants whose flowering may be controlled include lettuce, endive and vegetable brassicas including cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower, and carnations and geraniums.

Arabidopsis thaliana is a facultative long day plant, flowering early under long days and late under short days. Because it has a small, well-characterized genome, is relatively easily transformed and regenerated and has a rapid growing cycle, Arabidopsis is an ideal model plant in which to study flowering and its control.

One of the genes required for rapid floral induction is the FCA gene (Koornneef et al 1991). Plants carrying mutations of this gene flower much later than wild-type under long photoperiods and short photoperiods. There is a considerable range in flowering time within different mutant fca alleles. The most extreme (fca-1) flowers under long photoperiods with up to 40 leaves whereas fca-3, fca-4 flower with ˜20 rosette leaves compared to 9 for wild-type Landsberg erecta). The late flowering of all the fca mutants can be overcome to early flowering in both long and short photoperiods if imbibed seeds, or plants of different developmental ages, are given 3-8 weeks at 4° C.--a vernalization treatment (Chandler and Dean 1994).

We have cloned and sequenced the FCA gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, a homologue from Brassica and mutant sequences.

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide with FCA function. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that "FCA function" refers to the ability to influence the timing of flowering phenotypically like the FCA gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, especially the ability to complement an fca mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Nucleic acid according to the invention may encode a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 2 SEQ ID NO:3, or an allele, variant, derivative or mutant thereof. Particular variants include those wherein the amino acid residues up-stream of the third methionine and/or up-stream of the second methionine in the amino acid sequence of FIG. 2 SEQ ID NO:3 are not included. Variants, mutants and derivatives of nucleic acid encoding such shorter polypeptide are of course provided by various embodiments of the present invention.

Nucleic acid according to the present invention may have the sequence of an FCA gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, or be a mutant, variant (or derivative) or allele of the sequence provided. Preferred mutants, variants and alleles are those which encode a protein which retains a functional characteristic of the protein encoded by the wild-type gene, especially the ability to promote flowering as discussed herein. Promotion of flowering may advance, hasten or quicken flowering. Other preferred mutants, variants and alleles encode a protein which delays flowering compared to wild-type or a gene with the sequence provided. Changes to a sequence, to produce a mutant or variant, may be by one or more of insertion, deletion or substitution of one or more nucleotides in the nucleic acid, leading to the insertion, deletion or substitution of one or more amino acids. Of course, changes to the nucleic acid which make no difference to the encoded amino acid sequence are included. Particular variants, mutants, alleles and variants are discussed further below.

A preferred nucleic acid sequence covering the region encoding the FCA gene is shown in FIG. 1 SEQ ID NO:1 and the predicted amino acid sequence encoding the FCA ORF is shown in FIG. 2 SEQ ID NO:30. Nucleic acid may be subject to alteration by way of subsitution of nucleotides and/or a combination of addition, insertion and/or substitution of one or more nucleotides with or without altering the encoded amino acids sequence (by virtue of the degeneracy of the genetic code).

Nucleic acid according to the present invention may comprise an intron, such as an intron shown in FIG. 1 SEQ ID NO:1, for instance intron 3 (as in various embodiments e.g. as illustrated herein), whether or not the encoded amino acid sequence is altered. For example, the variant FCA α_(B), whose nucleic acid sequence is shown in FIG. 3 SEQ ID NO:2, comprises intron 3 of the sequence of FIG. 1 SEQ ID NO:1, such that translation of the sequence results in a different amino acid sequence from that of FIG. 2 SEQ ID NO:3 (intron 3 of FIG. 1 SEQ ID NO:1 contains a stop codon at 3026-3028 that is potentially used in transcripts).

The present invention also provides a vector which comprises nucleic acid with any one of the provided sequences, preferably a vector from which polypeptide encoded by the nucleic acid sequence can be expressed. The vector is preferably suitable for transformation into a plant cell. The invention further encompasses a host cell transformed with such a vector, especially a plant cell. Thus, a host cell, such as a plant cell, comprising nucleic acid according to the present invention is provided. Within the cell, the nucleic acid may be incorporated within the chromosome. There may be more than one heterologous nucleotide sequence per haploid genome. This, for example, enables increased expression of the gene product compared with endogenous levels, as discussed below.

A vector comprising nucleic acid according to the present invention need not include a promoter, particularly if the vector is to be used to introduce the nucleic acid into cells for recombination into the genome.

Nucleic acid molecules and vectors according to the present invention may be provided isolated and/or purified from their natural environment, in substantially pure or homogeneous form, or free or substantially free of nucleic acid or genes of the species of interest or origin other than the sequence encoding a polypeptide able to influence flowering, eg in Arabidopsis thaliana nucleic acid other than the FCA sequence. Nucleic acid according to the present invention may comprise cDNA, RNA, genomic DNA and may be wholly or partially synthetic. The term "isolate" may encompass all these possibilities.

The present invention also encompasses the expression product of any of the nucleic acid sequences disclosed and methods of making the expression product by expression from encoding nucleic acid therefore under suitable conditions in suitable host cells, e.g. E. coli (see Example 7). Those skilled in the art are well able to construct vectors and design protocols for expression and recovery of products of recombinant gene expression. Suitable vectors can be chosen or constructed, containing one or more appropriate regulatory sequences, including promoter sequences, terminator fragments, polyadenylation sequences, enhancer sequences, marker genes and other sequences as appropriate. For further details see, for example, Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual: 2nd edition, Sambrook et al, 1989, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Transformation procedures depend on the host used, but are well known. Many known techniques and protocols for manipulation of nucleic acid, for example in preparation of nucleic acid constructs, mutagenesis, sequencing, introduction of DNA into cells and gene expression, and analysis of proteins, are described in detail in Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, Second Edition, Ausubel et al. eds., John Wiley & Sons, 1992. The disclosures of Sambrook et al. and Ausubel et al. are incorporated herein by reference.

Purified FCA protein, or a fragment, mutant or variant thereof, e.g. produced recombinantly by expression from encoding nucleic acid therefor, may be used to raise antibodies employing techniques which are standard in the art, as exemplified in Example 7. Antibodies and polypeptides comprising antigen-binding fragments of antibodies may be used in identifying homologues from other species as discussed further below.

Methods of producing antibodies include immunising a mammal (eg human, mouse, rat, rabbit, horse, goat, sheep or monkey) with the protein or a fragment thereof. Antibodies may be obtained from immunised animals using any of a variety of techniques known in the art, and might be screened, preferably using binding of antibody to antigen of interest. For instance, Western blotting techniques or immunoprecipitation may be used (Armitage et al, 1992, Nature 357: 80-82). Antibodies may be polyclonal or monoclonal.

As an alternative or supplement to immunising a mammal, antibodies with appropriate binding specificity may be obtained from a recombinantly produced library of expressed immunoglobulin variable domains, eg using lambda bacteriophage or filamentous bacteriophage which display functional immunoglobulin binding domains on their surfaces; for instance see WO92/01047.

Antibodies raised to a polypeptide or peptide can be used in the identification and/or isolation of homologous polypeptides, and then the encoding genes. Thus, the present invention provides a method of identifying or isolating a polypeptide with FCA function (in accordance with embodiments disclosed herein), comprising screening candidate polypeptides with a polypeptide comprising the antigen-binding domain of an antibody (for example whole antibody or a fragment thereof) which is able to bind an FCA polypeptide or fragment, variant or variant thereof or preferably has binding specificity for such a polypeptide, such as having the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 2 SEQ ID NO:3 or FIG. 8b SEQ ID NO:5. Specific binding members such as antibodies and polypeptides comprising antigen binding domains of antibodies that bind and are preferably specific for a FCA polypeptide or mutant, variant or derivative thereof represent further aspects of the present invention, as do their use and methods which employ them.

Candidate polypeptides for screening may for instance be the products of an expression library created using nucleic acid derived from an plant of interest, or may be the product of a purification process from a natural source.

A polypeptide found to bind the antibody may be isolated and then may be subject to amino acid sequencing. Any suitable technique may be used to sequence the polypeptide either wholly or partially (for instance a fragment of the polypeptide may be sequenced). Amino acid sequence information may be used in obtaining nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide, for instance by designing one or more oligonucleotides (e.g. a degenerate pool of oligonucleotides) for use as probes or primers in hybridisation to candidate nucleic acid, or by searching computer sequence databases, as discussed further below.

The present invention further encompasses a plant comprising a plant cell comprising nucleic acid according to the present invention e.g. as a result of introduction of the nucleic acid into the cell or an ancestor thereof, and selfed or hybrid progeny and any descendent of such a plant, also any part or propagule of such a plant, progeny or descendant, including seed.

The FCA gene encodes a large protein (796 amino acids shown in FIG. 2 SEQ ID NO:3) with homology to a class of proteins identified as RNA-binding proteins (Burd and Dreyfuss 1994). These proteins contain 80 amino acid, RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) and have a modular structure--they can contain several RNA binding domains and auxiliary domains rich in amino acids such as glycine, glutamine and proline. The RRM proteins can be divided into subfamilies based on homology within and around the RRM domains. The FCA protein is most homologous to a subfamily of RNA-binding proteins (cluster 1028.16; identified using the BEAUTY database search, Worley et al., 1995) exemplified by the Drosophila elav gene (Robinow et al., 1988). Other members of this family include the Drosophila sexlethal protein; the human nervous system proteins HuD, HuC, Hel-N1, and Hel-N2; and the Xenopus proteins elrA, elrB, elrC, elrD and etr-1. FCA has two RNA-binding domains while most of the members ofelav gene family have three RNA-binding domains. The first two RNA-binding domains of elav family (and the spacing between the domains) is similar to the RNA-binding domains in the FCA protein. In common with the FCA protein the elav has a region with high glutamine content. There is also a 20 amino acid region near the C terminus of the FCA protein which shows strong homology to ORFs from two genes of unknown function from yeast and C. elegans.

The FCA transcript is alternatively spliced. Five forms of the transcript are generated in cells. One, herein called FCA transcript β is ˜2 kb and represents premature termination and polyadenylation within intron 3. FCA α_(A) and α_(B) has 19 of 20 introns spliced out but intron 3 (2 kb) remaining. FCA α_(A) is the same as α_(B) except at intron 13 where different 5' and 3' exon/intron junctions are used. FCA α_(A) uses the 5' exon/intron junction at 7055 bp (genomic sequence FIG. 1) and 3' exon/intron junction at 7377 bp. FCA α_(B) uses the 5' exon/intron junction at 7130 bp (genomic sequence FIG. 1) and 3' exon/intron junction at 7295 bp. FCA transcripts γ_(A) and γ_(B) both have intron 3 removed and γ_(A) and γ_(B) use the same junctions around intron 13 as α_(A) and α_(B), respectively. Only γ_(B) encodes both RNA-binding domains and the conserved C-terminal domain (FIG. 10).

RNA-binding proteins have been shown to be involved in several facets of post-transcriptional regulation. The RNP motif forms a β sheet RNA binding surface engaging the RNA as an open platform for interaction with either other RNA molecules or other proteins. One of the most well characterized genes encoding an RNP motif-containing protein is the Drosophila SEX-LETHAL gene (Bell et al 1988). The SEX-LETHAL protein is involved in altering the splicing of its own and other transcripts within the pathway that determines sex in Drosophila. Only the alternatively spliced product gives an active protein. Thus this gene product is responsible for determining and maintaining the female state. Other RNA-binding proteins have been shown to function by localizing specific transcripts in the nucleus or preventing translation of specific transcripts. Six independently isolated fca mutants have been described, and we have identified the sequence changes causing a reduction in FCA activity in three cases. The fca-1 mutation converted a C nucleotide at position 6861 (FIG. 1 SEQ ID NO:1) into a T. Thus a glutamine codon (CAA) is changed into a stop codon (TAA). The fca-3 mutation converted a G nucleotide at position 5271 into an A. The effect of this mutation is to alter the 3' splice junction of intron 7 such that a new 3' splice junction is used 28 nucleotides into exon 8. The fca-4 mutation is the result of a rearrangement (an inversion taking the 3' end of the gene 250 kb away) with the break-point at position 4570 (within intron 4).

A further aspect of the present invention provides a method of identifying and cloning FCA homologues from plant species other than Arabidopsis thaliana which method employs a nucleotide sequence derived from that shown in FIG. 1 SEQ ID NO:1. Nucleic acid libraries may be screened using techniques well known to those skilled in the art and homologous sequences thereby identified then tested. The provision of sequence information for the FCA gene of Arabidopsis thaliana enables the obtention of homologous sequences from Arabidopsis and other plant species. In Southern hybridization experiments a probe containing the FCA gene of Arabidopsis thaliana hybridises to DNA extracted from Brassica rapa, Brassica napus and Brassica oleraceae. In contrast to most Arabidopsis genes, which are normally present on the B. napus genome in 6 copies, the FCA gene is present twice, on only one pair of chromosomes. An FCA homologue from Brassica napus has been isolated and sequenced and shows 86.1% average nucleotide sequence homology within the exons, 65.8% within introns and 78% identity at the amino acid level (87% similarity). This Brassica gene fully complements a mutation in the Arabidopsis FCA gene and can thus be considered as a fully functional homologue. Homologues have also been detected by Southern blot analysis from Antirrhinum, tobacco, sugarbeet, tomato, pea, wheat, maize, rice, rye, Lolium and oats.

The Brassica FCA homologue whose nucleotide sequence is given in FIG. 8a SEQ ID NO:4, including the coding sequence, and whose amino acid sequence encoded by the sequence of FIG. 8a is shown in FIG. 8b SEQ ID NO:5, represents and provides further aspects of the present invention in accordance with those disclosed for the Arabidopsis FCA gene. For example, mutants, alleles and variants are included, e.g. having at least 80% identity with the sequence of FIG. 8b SEQ ID NO:5, though high levels of amino acid identity may be limited to functionally significant domains or regions as discussed.

The present invention also extends to nucleic acid encoding an FCA homologue obtained using a nucleotide sequence derived from that shown in FIG. 1 SEQ ID NO:1, or the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 2 SEQ ID NO:3. Preferably, the nucleotide sequence and/or amino acid sequence shares homology with the sequence encoded by the nucleotide sequence of FIG. 1 SEQ ID NO:1, preferably at least about 50%, or at least about 60%, or at least about 70%, or at least about 75%, or at least about 78%, or at least about 80% homology, most preferably at least about 90% homology, from species other than Arabidopsis thaliana and the encoded polypeptide shares a phenotype with the Arabidopsis thaliana FCA gene, preferably the ability to influence timing of flowering. These may promote or delay flowering compared with Arabidopsis thaliana FCA and mutants, variants or alleles may promote or delay flowering compared with wild-type. "Homology" may be used to refer to identity.

In certain embodiments, an allele, variant, derivative, mutant or homologue of the specific sequence may show little overall homology, say about 20%, or about 25%, or about 30%, or about 35%, or about 40% or about 45%, with the specific sequence. However, in functionally significant domains or regions the amino acid homology may be much higher. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the FCA polypeptides of the Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassic napus genes, as in FIG. 9, reveals domains and regions with functional significance, i.e. a role in influencing a flowering characteristic of a plant, such as timing of flowering. Deletion mutagenesis, for example, may be used to test the function of a region of the polypeptide and its role in or necessity for influence of flowering timing.

The nucleotide sequence information provided herein, or any part thereof, may be used in a data-base search to find homologous sequences, expression products of which can be tested for ability to influence a flowering characteristic. These may have FCA function or the ability to complement a mutant phenotype, which phenotype is delayed flowering, where the delay can be reversed by a vernalization treatment.

Vernalization is well known in the art and appropriate conditions are at the disposal of skilled artisans. Plants may be vernalized at the seed stage, immediately after sowing. It may be carried out for 8 weeks, in an 8 hour photoperiod (e.g fluorescent light, PAR 9.5 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹, R/FR ratio 3.9) at a temperature of 5° C.+/-1° C.

In public sequence databases we recently identified several Arabidopsis cDNA clone sequences that were obtained in random sequencing programmes and share homology with FCA within both the RRM domains and in the C-terminal regions. BLAST and FASTA searches of databases have identified 23 Arabidopsis expressed sequence tags (ESTs) identified. These clones have been obtained and used in low stringency hybridization experiments with different regions of the FCA gene (central and 3'). Eight clones show good homology to the 3' part of the FCA gene, two clones show good homology to the central part and one clone shows good homology to both (42 A 4--another RNA-binding protein). Similarly, among randomly sequenced rice cDNAs we have identified 10 rice ESTs. These hybridise to FCA genomic and cDNA clones under low stringency conditions. Five clones show good hybridization to FCA, particularly C1480.

By sequencing homologues, studying their expression patterns and examining the effect of altering their expression, genes carrying out a similar function to FCA in regulating flowering time are obtainable. Of course, mutants, variants and alleles of these sequences are included within the scope of the present invention in the same terms as discussed above for the Arabidopsis thaliana FCA gene.

The high level of homology between the FCA genes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus, as disclosed herein, may also be exploited in the identification of further homologues, for example using oligonucleotides (e.g. a degenerate pool) designed on the basis of sequence conservation.

According to a further aspect, the present invention provides a method of identifying or a method of cloning a FCA homologue from a species other than Arabidopsis thaliana, the method employing a nucleotide sequence derived from that shown in FIG. 1 SEQ ID NO:1 or that shown in FIG. 8a SEQ ID NO:4. For instance, such a method may employ an oligonucleotide or oligonucleotides which comprises or comprise a sequence or sequences that are conserved between the sequences of FIGS. 1 and 8a to search for homologues. Thus, a method of obtaining nucleic acid whose expression is able to influence a flowering characteristic of a plant is provided, comprising hybridisation of an oligonucleotide or a nucleic acid molecule comprising such an oligonucleotide to target/candidate nucleic acid. Target or candidate nucleic acid may, for example, comprise a genomic or cDNA library obtainable from an organism known to contain or suspected of containing such nucleic acid. Successful hybridisation may be identified and target/candidate nucleic acid isolated for further investigation and/or use.

Hybridisation may involve probing nucleic acid and identifying positive hybridisation under suitably stringent conditions (in accordance with known techniques) and/or use of oligonucleotides as primers in a method of nucleic acid amplification, such as PCR. For probing, preferred conditions are those which are stringent enough for there to be a simple pattern with a small number of hybridisations identified as positive which can be investigated further. It is well known in the art to increase stringency of hybridisation gradually until only a few positive clones remain.

As an alternative to probing, though still employing nucleic acid hybridisation, oligonucleotides designed to amplify DNA sequences may be used in PCR reactions or other methods involving amplification of nucleic acid, using routine procedures. See for instance "PCR protocols; A Guide to Methods and Applications", Eds. Innis et al, 1990, Academic Press, New York.

Preferred amino acid sequences suitable for use in the design of probes or PCR primers are sequences conserved (completely, substantially or partly) between at least two FCA polypeptides able to influence a flowering characteristic, such as timing of flowering, e.g. with the amino acid sequences of FIGS. 2 and 8b herein.

On the basis of amino acid sequence information oligonucleotide probes or primers may be designed, taking into account the degeneracy of the genetic code, and, where appropriate, codon usage of the organism from the candidate nucleic acid is derived.

Preferably an oligonucleotide in accordance with the invention, e.g. for use in nucleic acid amplification, has about 10 or fewer codons (e.g. 6, 7 or 8), i.e. is about 30 or fewer nucleotides in length (e.g. 18, 21 or 24).

Assessment of whether or not such a PCR product corresponds to resistance genes may be conducted in various ways. A PCR band from such a reaction might contain a complex mix of products. Individual products may be cloned and each one individually screened. It may be analysed by transformation to assess function on introduction into a plant of interest.

Generally, nucleic acid according to the invention may comprise a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide able to complement a mutant phenotype which is delayed in flowering, where that delay can be corrected by a vernalization treatment. Also the present invention provides nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence which is a mutant or variant of a wild-type gene encoding a polypeptide with ability to influence the timing of flowering, the mutant or variant phenotype being delayed in flowering with the timing of flowering being corrected by vernalization. These are distinguished from the CO gene reported by Putterill et al 1995, Putterill et al 1993 and the LD gene reported by Lee et al 1994. LD shows similar characteristics to the FCA gene in that a mutation in the gene confers late flowering that is corrected by a vernalization treatment, but LD requires a second gene product to influence flowering time in the Arabidopsis thaliana Landsberg erecta ecotype (Lee et al 1994, Koornneef et al 1994). Thus in many plant species manipulation of the LD gene alone may not influence flowering time. The action of FCA is opposite in action to that of phytochromeB, in that mutations in PHYB (hy3) confer early flowering and introduction of an intact PHYB gene into hy3 mutants restores normal flowering time (Wester] et al 1994). LD and CO are excluded from the ambit of the present invention. FCA and mutants, variants and alleles thereof may not complement an LD mutation. LD and mutants, variants and alleles thereof may not complement an FCA mutation.

The FCA amino acid sequence is totally different from those of CO and LD.

The action of FCA can also be distinguished from ectopic expression of meristem identity or MADS box genes that alter flowering time (Weigel and Nilsson 1995, Chung et al 1994, Mandel and Yanofsky 1995, Mizukama and Ma 1992). Apart from an early flowering phenotype, ectopic or overexpression of meristem identity or MADS box genes produces many additional perturbations to both the vegetative and floral phenotype of the plant (eg. short stature, reduced apical dominance, sterile flowers).

Also according to the invention there is provided a plant cell having incorporated into its genome a sequence of nucleotides where different introns have been removed. A further aspect of the present invention provides a method of making such a plant cell involving introduction of a vector comprising the sequence of nucleotides into a plant cell and causing or allowing recombination between the vector and the plant cell genome to introduce the sequence of nucleotides into the genome.

Plants which comprise a plant cell according to the invention are also provided, along with any part or propagule thereof, seed, selfed or hybrid progeny and descendants and any part or propagate thereof.

The invention further provides a method of influencing the flowering characteristics of a plant comprising expression of a heterologous FCA gene sequence (or mutant, allele, variant or homologue thereof, as discussed) within cells of the plant. The term "heterologous" indicates that the gene/sequence of nucleotides in question have been introduced into said cells of the plant or an ancestor thereof, using genetic engineering, ie by human intervention. The gene may be on an extra-genomic vector or incorporated, preferably stably, into the genome. The heterologous gene may replace an endogenous equivalent gene, ie one which normally performs the same or a similar function in control of flowering, or the inserted sequence may be additional to the endogenous gene. An advantage of introduction of a heterologous gene is the ability to place expression of the gene under the control of a promoter of choice, in order to be able to influence gene expression, and therefore flowering, according to preference. Furthermore, mutants and variants of the wild-type gene, eg with higher or lower activity than wild-type, may be used in place of the endogenous gene.

The principal flowering characteristic which may be altered using the present invention is the timing of flowering. Under-expression of the gene product of the FCA gene leads to delayed flowering (as indicated by the fca mutant phenotype and Example 3, antisense experiments) that can be overcome to early flowering by a vernalization treatment; over-expression may lead to earlier flowering (Examples 2, 4 and 5). This degree of control is useful to ensure synchronous flowering of male and female parent lines in hybrid production, for example. Another use is to advance or retard the flowering in accordance with the dictates of the climate so as to extend or reduce the growing season. This may involve use of anti-sense or sense regulation.

The nucleic acid according to the invention, such as a FCA gene or homologue, may be placed under the control of an externally inducible gene promoter thus placing the timing of flowering under the control of the user. This is advantageous in that flower production, and subsequent events such as seed set, may be timed to meet market demands, for example, in cut flowers or decorative flowering pot plants. Delaying flowering in pot plants is advantageous to lengthen the period available for transport of the product from the producer to the point of sale and lengthening of the flowering period is an obvious advantage to the purchaser.

In a further aspect the present invention provides a gene construct comprising an inducible promoter operatively linked to a nucleotide sequence provided by the present invention, such as the FCA gene or Arabidopsis thaliana, a homologue from another plant species, e.g. a Brassica such as Brassica napus, or any mutant, variant or allele thereof. As discussed, this enables control of expression of the gene. The invention also provides plants transformed with said gene construct and methods comprising introduction of such a construct into a plant cell and/or induction of expression of a construct within a plant cell, by application of a suitable stimulus, an effective exogenous inducer.

The term "inducible" as applied to a promoter is well understood by those skilled in the art. In essence, expression under the control of an inducible promoter is "switched on" or increased in response to an applied stimulus. The nature of the stimulus varies between promoters. Some inducible promoters cause little or undetectable levels of expression (or no expression) in the absence of the appropriate stimulus. Other inducible promoters cause detectable constitutive expression in the absence of the stimulus. Whatever the level of expression is in the absence of the stimulus, expression from any inducible promoter is increased in the presence of the correct stimulus. The preferable situation is where the level of expression increases upon application of the relevant stimulus by an amount effective to alter a phenotypic characteristic. Thus an inducible (or "switchable") promoter may be used which causes a basic level of expression in the absence of the stimulus which level is too low to bring about a desired phenotype (and may in fact be zero). Upon application of the stimulus, expression is increased (or switched on) to a level which brings about the desired phenotype.

Suitable promoters include the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S (CaMV 35S) gene promoter that is expressed at a high level in virtually all plant tissues (Benfey et al, 1990a and 1990b); the cauliflower meri 5 promoter that is expressed in the vegetative apical meristem as well as several well localised positions in the plant body, eg inner phloem, flower primordia, branching points in root and shoot (Medford, 1992; Medford et al, 1991) and the Arabidopsis thaliana LEAFY promoter that is expressed very early in flower development (Weigel et al, 1992).

When introducing a chosen gene construct into a cell, certain considerations must be taken into account, well known to those skilled in the art. The nucleic acid to be inserted should be assembled within a construct which contains effective regulatory elements which will drive transcription. There must be available a method of transporting the construct into the cell. Once the construct is within the cell membrane, integration into the endogenous chromosomal material either will or will not occur. Finally, as far as plants are concerned the target cell type must be such that cells can be regenerated into whole plants.

Plants transformed with the DNA segment containing the sequence may be produced by standard techniques which are already known for the genetic manipulation of plants. DNA can be transformed into plant cells using any suitable technology, such as a disarmed Ti-plasmid vector carried by Agrobacterium exploiting its natural gene transfer ability (EP-A-270355, EP-A-0116718, NAR 12(22) 8711-87215 1984), particle or microprojectile bombardment (U.S. Pat. No. 5,100,792, EP-A-444882, EP-A-434616) microinjection (WO 92/09696, WO 94/00583, EP 331083, EP 175966), electroporation (EP 290395, WO 8706614) or other forms of direct DNA uptake (DE 4005152, WO 9012096, U.S. Pat. No. 4,684,611). Agrobacterium transformation is widely used by those skilled in the art to transform dicotyledonous species. Although Agrobacterium has been reported to be able to transform foreign DNA into some monocotyledonous species (WO 92/14828), microprojectile bombardment, electroporation and direct DNA uptake are preferred where Agrobacterium is inefficient or ineffective. Alternatively, a combination of different techniques may be employed to enhance the efficiency of the transformation process, eg bombardment with Agrobacterium coated microparticles (EP-A-486234) or microprojectile bombardment to induce wounding followed by co-cultivation with Agrobacterium (EP-A-486233).

The particular choice of a transformation technology will be determined by its efficiency to transform certain plant species as well as the experience and preference of the person practising the invention with a particular methodology of choice. It will be apparent to the skilled person that the particular choice of a transformation system to introduce nucleic acid into plant cells is not essential to or a limitation of the invention.

In the present invention, over-expression may be achieved by introduction of the nucleotide sequence in a sense orientation. Thus, the present invention provides a method of influencing a flowering characteristic of a plant, the method comprising causing or allowing expression of the polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence of nucleic acid according to the invention from that nucleic acid within cells of the plant.

Under-expression of the gene product polypeptide may be achieved using anti-sense technology or "sense regulation".

The use of anti-sense genes or partial gene sequences to down-regulate gene expression is now well-established. Double-stranded DNA is placed under the control of a promoter in a "reverse orientation" such that transcription of the "anti-sense" strand of the DNA yields RNA which is complementary to normal mRNA transcribed from the "sense" strand of the target gene. The complementary anti-sense RNA sequence is thought then to bind with mRNA to form a duplex, inhibiting translation of the endogenous mRNA from the target gene into protein. Whether or not this is the actual mode of action is still uncertain. However, it is established fact that the technique works. See, for example, Rothstein et al, 1987; Smith et al, 1988; Zhang et al, 1992, English et al 1996. The complete sequence corresponding to the coding sequence in reverse orientation need not be used. For example fragments of sufficient length may be used. It is a routine matter for the person skilled in the art to screen fragments of various sizes and from various parts of the coding sequence to optimise the level of anti-sense inhibition. It may be advantageous to include the initiating methionine ATG codon, and perhaps one or more nucleotides upstream of the initiating codon. A suitable fragment may have about 14-23 nucleotides, e.g. about 15, 16 or 17.

Anti-sense regulation may itself be regulated by employing an inducible promoter in an appropriate construct.

Thus, the present invention also provides a method of influencing a flowering characteristic of a plant, the method comprising causing or allowing anti-sense transcription from nucleic acid according to the invention within cells of the plant.

When additional copies of the target gene are inserted in sense, that is the same, orientation as the target gene, a range of phenotypes is produced which includes individuals where over-expression occurs and some where under-expression of protein from the target gene occurs. When the inserted gene is only part of the endogenous gene the number of under-expressing individuals in the transgenic population increases. The mechanism by which sense regulation occurs, particularly down-regulation, is not well-understood. However, this technique is also well-reported in scientific and patent literature and is used routinely for gene control. See, for example, van der Krol, 1990; Napoli et al, 1990; Zhang et al, 1992.

Thus, the present invention also provides a method of influencing a flowering characteristic of a plant, the method comprising causing or allowing expression from nucleic acid according to the invention within cells of the plant to suppress activity of a polypeptide with ability to influence a flowering characteristic. Here the activity of the polypeptide is preferably suppressed as a result of under-expression within the plant cells.

Modified version of FCA may be used in influencing a flowering characteristic of a plant. For example a mutant identified herein as fca-1, fca-3 or fca-4 may be employed. The sequence changes resulting in these mutants and the resulting phenotypes are discussed above.

Promotion of FCA activity to cause early flowering

Mutations that reduce FCA activity cause late flowering under both long and short day conditions, indicating FCA involvement in promoting flowering constitutively. Double mutant experiments have also indicated that FCA function may be required both upstream and downstream of the gene products involved in conferring inflorescence/floral meristem identity eg. LEAFY, APETALA1 and TERMINAL FLOWER. Thus FCA function may be involved in the ability of meristems to respond to LEAFY, APETALA1 and TERMINAL FLOWER gene products.

The fully spliced FCA transcript is present at very low abundance in all conditions so far analysed. Although the fca mutation is recessive transgenic fca plants homozygous for an introduced wild-type FCA gene flowered slightly earlier than plants carry one copy (Example 2), suggesting that under some conditions the level of the FCA transcript is limiting to flowering time. This indicates that flowering may be manipulated by using foreign promoters to alter the expression of the gene. In addition, the majority of the transcript is present in a form that cannot make active protein. Thus alternative splicing may be a specific control mechanism to maintain relatively low levels of the FCA protein. Alteration of this splicing pattern, for example by introducing an FCA gene lacking introns into plants, may give much higher levels of the FCA protein which in turn would give accelerated flowering.

Causing early flowering under non-inductive or inductive conditions

Wild-type Arabidopsis plants flower extremely quickly under inductive conditions and the FCA gene is expressed prior to flowering, although at a low level. The level of the FCA product may be increased by introduction of promoter, eg CaMV35S or meri 5, fusions. In addition, introduction of an FCA gene lacking introns may increase the level of FCA protein and cause early flowering in all conditions.

Inhibition of FCA activity to cause late flowering

fca mutations cause late flowering of Arabidopsis. Transgenic approaches may be used to reduce FCA activity and thereby delay or prevent flowering in a range of plant species. A variety of strategies may be employed. This late flowering can then be overcome, if so desired, by giving the imbibed seed or plants of different ages, a vernalization treatment.

Expression of sense or anti-sense RNAs

In several cases the activity of endogenous plant genes has been reduced by the expression of homologous antisense RNA from a transgene, as discussed above. Similarly, the expression of sense transcripts from a transgene may reduce the activity of the corresponding endogenous copy of the gene, as discussed above. Expression of an antisense transcript from the FCA gene has been shown reduce activity of the endogenous gene and cause late flowering (Example 3).

Expression of modified versions of the FCA protein

RNA binding proteins have a modular structure in which amino acid sequences required for binding different RNA molecules are separate domains of the protein (Burd and Dreyfuss 1994). This permits the construction of truncated or fusion proteins that display only one of the functions of the RNA binding protein. In the case of FCA, modification of the gene in vitro and expression of modified versions of the protein may lead to dominant inhibition of the endogenous, intact protein and thereby delay flowering. This may be accomplished in various ways, including the following:

Expression of a truncated FCA protein.

Some multi-RNP motif proteins can bind different RNA sequences simultaneously. U1 A for example, binds to U1 small nuclear RNA through its first RNA-binding domain and to pre-mRNA sequences through its second, thus controlling splicing (Burd and Dreyfuss 1994). Expression of an FCA protein with only one of these RNP motifs may dominantly block FCA action, by preventing binding of the full size FCA protein. Also expression of a mutant FCA protein not encoding the C terminal sequences may prevent the correct alignment of the binding of the RNA molecule and so again block wild-type FCA binding.

Aspects and embodiments of the present invention will now be illustrated, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying figures. Further aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. All documents mentioned in this text are incorporated herein by reference.

In the Figures:

FIG. 1 SEQ ID NO:1 shows a nucleotide sequence according to one embodiment of the invention, being the sequence of the genomic region encoding FCA obtained from Arabidopsis thaliana. Introns are shown in small letters, exons in capitals. Features: ▾(1118)--transcription start; □(1532-1534, 1568-70, 1601-1603)--putative translation start ATG; .sub..left brkt-top. β(2753)--Poly A site of β-transcript; .OR left..OR right.(7056-7377)--alternative splicing around intron 13; ₋₋ (8771-73)--translation stop TAA; .sub..left brkt-top. (9256)--Poly A site. Additional translational stop codon at 3026-3028 within intron 3.

FIG. 2 SEQ ID NO:3 shows the predicted amino acid sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence encoding the FCA ORF.

FIG. 3 SEQ ID NO:2 shows the nucleotide sequence of the FCA α_(B) gene, including 5' and 3' flanking sequences. The sequence within the ORF is that of one of the abundant transcripts, that is 19 introns have been spliced out but intron 3 remains. The position of termination of the other abundant transcript is indicated. Primer sequences are given in Table 2. Restriction sites: SalI--352; HindIII--776; XbaI--1157; HindIII--3125; BglII--3177; ClaI--3293; BamHI--3549; HindIII--4728; SpeI--5003. Other important landmarks: 1293-poly A tail added after this nucleotide in cDNA clone 77B or FCA transcript α; 897-5' splice site of intron 3: 2973 3' splice site of intron 3.

FIG. 4 SEQ ID NOs:6-8, 27-31 compares the FCA RRM motifs with those from the Drosophila SEX-LETHAL and TRA-2 genes. Also shown are the C-terminal amino acids with homology to yeast and C. elegans proteins.

FIG. 5 shows the recombination analysis to position the FCA gene.

FIG. 6 shows the complementation analysis to localize the FCA gene.

FIG. 7 shows the complexity and position of the FCA gene on the complementing cosmids.

FIG. 8 shows the nucleotide sequence of the Brassica napus FCA homologue and encoded polypeptide: FIG. 8a SEQ ID NO:4--Brassica FCA nucleotide sequence including coding sequence; FIG. 8b SEQ ID NO:5--polypeptide amino acid sequence encoded by coding sequence of FIG. 8a.

FIG. 9 shows an alignment of the Arabidopsis and Brassica FCA amino acid sequences. Topline is Arabidopsis; SEQ ID NO:26 bottom line is Brassica.

FIG. 10 shows the different transcripts produced from the FCA gene. ₋₋ open reading frame; * conserved region in C. elegans and yeast ESTs; R1, R2 RNA-binding domains 1 and 2.

EXAMPLE 1 Cloning and Analysis of the FCA Gene

Identification of a 300 kb genomic region carrying the FCA gene of Aribidopsis thaliana.

The fca mutation had been mapped relative to visible markers to 29 cM on chromosome 4. In order to map the locus relative to molecular markers as a starting point for cloning by chromosome walking, the segregation pattern of RFLP markers mapping to the top half of chromosome 4 was analysed in 171 late (homozygous recessive class) flowering individuals from the F2 of a cross between the late flowering mutant fca-1 (in a Landsberg erecta background) and the polymorphic early flowering ecotype Columbia. This analysis positioned the FCA locus in a 5.2 cM interval between markers m326 and m226.

These markers were then used as the starting points for the chromosome walk. YAC clones containing these RFLP markers were identified by colony hybridization experiments. In the initial experiments, the YAC libraries used were the EG, EW and ABI libraries but as another became available (yUP-May 1992) they were incorporated into the analysis. Positively hybridizing YAC clones were confirmed using Southern blot analysis. They were sized using PFGE and Southern blot analysis and then end-probes were generated using either inverse PCR or left-end rescue for use in chromosome walking experiments. In the majority of cases, each step in the walk was covered by two independent YAC clones to avoid false linkages generated by chimaeric YAC clones. These constituted a significant fraction of the EG, EW and yUP libraries and complicated the assembly of the YAC contig. The result of the generation and analysis of 65 end-probes was a YAC contig covering the m326-m226 interval that included 57 YAC clones.

Polymorphisms between Landsberg erecta and Columbia were determined for the left end-probe of EG9D2, right end-probe of YAC clone yUP13C7, right end-probe of YAC clone yUP3F7 and right end-probe of YAC clone EW20B3. Analysis of the segregation pattern of these markers on pooled progeny of recombinants with cross-over points mapping in the m326-m226 interval defined the region carrying the FCA gene to between the polymorphisms identified by yUP3F7RE and m226. This interval was covered by two overlapping YAC clones EW20B3 and ABI10C10.

In order to further define the position of the FCA gene, more probes were required that mapped within the two overlapping YAC clones. This was achieved by using end-probes from YAC clones ABI3C4, ABI6C3, a random Sau3A fragment from YAC clone EW20B3 (W5) and two cosmids cAtA2 and g19247. Restriction maps for SmaI, MluI and PacI were constructed and used to position the probes within the YAC clones.

Additional recombinants, where the cross-over point mapped close to the FCA locus, were generated by selecting individual plants that were arabinose resistant and had an early/intermediate flowering from the F2 generation of a cross between fca (in Landsberg erecta) and ara1 (in Columbia). Progeny of these were checked to confirm that they were homozygous for the arabinose resistance allele and heterozygous for the fca mutation. Three of these individuals (A2/7, A1/8 and A4/7) were analysed with the RFLP markers 3F7RE, W5, cAtA2, 19247, 3C4LE, 6C3LE and 226. This defined the north end of the genomic region carrying the FCA gene as within the cosmids cAtA2 and 19247. This information is summarized in FIG. 5.

Complementation analysis to define the FCA gene.

The two YAC clones EW20B3 and ABI10C10 were gel-purified and hybridized to filters carrying 25500 cosmid clones that contained 15-20 kb of Arabidopsis thaliana Landsberg erecta genomic DNA. This cosmid library was constructed in a new vector (04541) by cloning a 1.6 kb BglII fragment from pHC79 carrying the lambda cos fragment into in the vector pSLJ1711. The resulting highly stable cosmid cloning vehicle carries Agrobacterium border sequences for transfer of DNA into plant chromosomes, a 35S-NPTII plant selectable marker, lacz-laci sequences for the blue/white insert selection in E.coli and a polylinker with 7 cloning sites.

Positively hybridizing colonies were analysed by hybridizing each clone to Southern blots carrying all the cosmid clones digested with a HindIII, EcoRI and BamHI. This generated a restriction map for the insert of each cosmid and indicated which clones carried overlapping inserts. The cosmids were also run alongside plant DNA and hybridized with the cosmid to confirm that the cosmid insert was colinear with the plant DNA. The two cosmid clones, cAtA2 and cAtB1, mapping to this interval were isolated from a different cosmid library (Olszewski and Ausubel 1988). The result of this analysis was a cosmid contig covering the 300 kb interval in which the FCA locus had been defined.

Six mutant fca alleles were available, two of which had been generated by FN irradiation and one by X-ray irradiation. Irradiation-induced mutations are frequently associated with genomic rearrangements or deletions. In case this would further refine the location of the FCA gene, the genomic region covered by the YAC clones EW20B3 and ABI10C10 was examined in all six alleles. The two YAC clones were hybridized to PFGE Southern blots carrying DNA from the different alleles digested with SmaI and MluI. A ˜50 kb MluI fragment was found to be slightly smaller in the fca-4 allele. Further analysis by hybridization of cosmid clones, corresponding to the region showing the difference, indicated that part of the alteration had occurred in a 1.9 kb BamHI fragment carried in cosmids cAtA2 and 19247. This focused our efforts in the first complementation experiments to cosmid clones at the north end of the contig.

Eleven cosmid clones shown in FIG. 6, starting with those at the left end, were introduced into the Arabidopsis fca-1 mutant using the root explant transformation procedure (Valvekens et al 1988). Seed were collected from self-fertilized kanamycin resistant individuals and analysed with respect to their kanamycin segregation and flowering time. The number of transformants showing complementation to early flowering for each cosmid is shown in FIG. 6. The four cosmids that resulted in complementation mapped to the end of the genomic region where the inversion in the fca-4 allele mapped.

Identification of the FCA gene.

The complete genomic sequence of Columbia allele corresponding to the genomic region within the complementing cosmid clones was obtained through the efforts of the Arabidopsis sequencing initiative centred within this department (G. Murphy pers. comm.). The majority of the genomic region contained in the complementing cosmids is carried on three BamHI restriction fragments, 4, 1.9 and 2 kb. These were isolated and hybridized either separately or pooled to 1×10⁶ phage clones of the PRL-2 cDNA library. This library had been made from pooled RNA samples and was made available by Tom Newman (Michigan). Four clones hybridizing to the 2 kb BamHI fragment and 3 to the 4 and 1.9 kb fragments were isolated and characterized. They identified two cDNA clones with insert sizes ˜1700 bp and 1350 bp. Analysis of the sizes of the transcripts hybridizing to these two cDNA clones showed that one (in fca-4) was reduced in size relative to the other alleles and wild-type and so this cDNA clone was assigned to the FCA gene. The other clone showed no differences and was termed 77B

The transcript size of the putative FCA gene was >3 kb indicating that the cDNA clone was not full length. The cDNA clone was sequenced and found to encode an insert of 1811 bp. Primers were designed from the genomic sequence (marked BamX primer on FIG. 3) and the 5' end of the cDNA sequence (marked IanRT1 and IanRT2 on FIG. 3). First strand cDNA was made using the IanRT2 primer to prime RNA isolated from wild-type seedlings (2 leaf stage). This was used with primers BamX and IanRT2 to PCR amplify a fragment detected as a faint band on an ethidium bromide stained gel. The PCR product was diluted 1/300 and reamplified using primers BamX and IanRT1. The product from this reaction was end-filled using T4 DNA polymerase and cloned into the EcoRV site of the general cloning vector Bluescript KSII (Stratagene). The product was sequenced and found to be colinear with the genomic sequence and extend the sequence of the cDNA clone by 735 bp.

The sequence was compared to all available sequences using BlastX, BlastN and TBlastN. Significant homologies were detected in the TBlastN search to a class of proteins previously defined as RNA binding proteins. The characteristic of these proteins is the presence of one or more RRM motifs made up of conserved amino acids covering an 80 amino acid region (shown in FIG. 4). The positioning of sub-motifs RNP2 and RNP1 and individual conserved amino acids is always maintained within the whole RRM motif. Translation of the sequence of the FCA cDNA clone extended in the RT-PCR experiments showed the presence of multiple translation stop codons in the 5' region of the sequence. The first methionine residue downstream of the last translation stop codon and in frame with the rest of the FCA protein was located in the middle of the RRM motif, splitting RNP2 and RNP1. The strong homology of the RRM motif to other RNA binding proteins suggested that this MET residue was not the beginning of the FCA protein. In addition, the transcripts of a large number of RNA-binding proteins are alternatively spliced to yield active and inactive products. The splicing is then regulated, often in an autoregulatory fashion, to control the production of the active protein. These facts suggested that the FCA transcript generated in the RT-PCR experiments contained an intron, just upstream of the RRM motif.

In order to test this hypothesis, several primers were designed from the genomic sequence for use in further RT-PCR experiments. First strand cDNA was made from RNA isolated from seedlings (4 leaf stage), primed with random hexamers (Boehringer). Primers lying within the sequence 5' to the FCA cDNA up to the 3' end of the 77B cDNA (the other cDNA clone hybridizing to the complementing cosmid clones), together with IanRT1 gave amplification products of the expected size from the genomic sequence but did not yield smaller products as would be expected from a transcript in which an intervening intron had been spliced out. A primer lying is within the 77B cDNA clone marked as cDNAII-BamHI (in FIG. 3) was then used in conjunction with the IanRT1 primer. No band was visible on an ethidium bromide stained agarose gel after 30 cycles of amplification. The PCR reaction was then diluted 1/300 and re-amplified using primers cDNAII-1 and RevEx4 (shown in FIG. 3). The PCR product was digested with SalI and BglII restriction enzymes and cloned into SalI and BamHI digested BluescriptKSII plasmid. Sequence analysis of the 760 bp product and comparison to the genomic sequence revealed that a 2 kb intron had been spliced out to join the ORF within the 77B cDNA to that carrying the RRM motif in the FCA gene. This splicing revealed the presence of a second intact RRM motif interrupted by intron 3.

Direct comparison of the FCA sequence with that of LUMINIDEPENDENS and CO, the other flowering time genes cloned from Arabidopsis (Lee et al, 1994, Putterill et al 1995), detected no significant homology.

Mutations in the fca mutant alleles.

cDNA was made from RNA isolated from the mutant alleles. This was amplified using cDNAII-BamHI and cDNA-3'a: BamX and IanRT1; fca5'-1 and fca3'-a (positions indicated on FIG. 3). The resulting PCR fragments were cloned and sequenced and compared to the sequence of the wild-type Landsberg erecta transcript. The fca-1 mutation converted a C nucleotide at position 6861 into a T. Thus a glutamine codon (CAA) is changed into a stop codon (TAA). The fca-3 mutation converted a G nucleotide at position 5271 into an A. The effect of this mutation is to alter the 3' splice junction of intron 7 such that a new 3' splice junction is used 28 nucleotides into exon 8. The fca-4 mutation is the result of a rearrangement with the break-point at position 4570 (within intron 4).

EXAMPLE 2 Isolation and Sequence Analysis of the Brassica napus Homologue

A Brassica napus genomic library constructed from Sau3A partially digested DNA cloned into lambda DASH^(R) II/BamHI vector (stratagene) was obtained. The library was screened using the 1811 bp FCA cDNA clone. A clone carrying a 12 kb insert was isolated which hybridized to the FCA cDNA clone and the 77B cDNA clone. The lambda clone was digested with SalI which released the full length 12 kb Brassica insert and this was cloned into Bluescript KSII. Restriction fragments of this clone (a combination of EcoRI, SacI and BamHI) were subcloned into BluescriptKSII and sequenced.

The 12 kb Brassica fragment was also subcloned into the XhoI restriction site of the Agrobacterium binary vector pSLJ1714 (Jones et al 1992), for transformation into the fca mutant. When introduced into the fca-4 mutation, using root explant transformation, progeny of the transformant segregated early flowering plants. These flowered with a mean of 8.3 leaves compared to wild-type Landsberg erecta grown alongside with 9.1 leaves and fca-4 with 24.1 leaves. Thus the Brassica FCA gene fully complements the fca-4 mutation.

Expression of FCA mRNA

PolyA mRNA was isolated from a range of developmental stages: 2 leaf, 4 leaf, 6 leaf and 10 leaf, roots and inflorescences, fractionated on Northern blots and hybridized with the 1811 bp FCA cDNA clone. The combined FCA transcript γ was present at approximately the same amount in all tissues examined except for the inflorescences where expression was slightly lower. The prematurely polyadenylated transcript β was detected using 77B cDNA clone as a probe. The β transcript was ˜20-fold more abundant than γ_(A+B). Transcripts α_(A+B) containing intron 3 were not detected on a northern blot and could only be found using RT-PCR.

FCA expression has also been analysed using RNase protection assays. Using a probe (725 bp to 1047 bp from γ_(B) construct) the γ_(A+B) transcripts were detected at similar levels in a range of developmental stages in both long and short day photoperiods, and at lower levels in rosettes and inflorences of mature plants. The β transcript was at a higher level in these tissues consistent with the northern blot analysis.

METHODS FOR EXAMPLES 1 AND 2 Growth Conditions and Measurement of Flowering Time

Flowering time was measured under defined conditions by growing plants in Sanyo Gallenkamp Controlled Environment rooms at 20° C. Short days comprised a photoperiod of 10 hours lit with 400 Watt metal halide power star lamps supplemented with 100 watt tungsten halide lamps. This provided a level of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of 113.7 μmoles photons m-2s-1 and a red:far red light ratio of 2.41. A similar cabinet and lamps were used for the long day. The photoperiod was for 10 hours under the same conditions used for short days and extended for a further 8 hours using only the tungsten halide lamps. In this cabinet the combination of lamps used for the 10 hour period provided a PAR of 92.9 μmoles photons m-2 s-1 and a red:far red ratio of 1.49. The 8 hour extension produced PAR of 14.27 μmoles m-2 s-1 and a red:far-red ratio of 0.66.

The flowering times of large populations of plants were measured in both greenhouse and cabinet conditions. Flowering time was measured by counting the number of leaves, excluding the cotyledons, in the rosette and on the inflorescence. Leaf numbers are shown with the standard error at 95% confidence limits. The number of days from sowing to the appearance of the flower bud was also recorded, but is not shown. The close correlation between leaf number and flowering time was previously demonstrated for Landsberg erecta and fca alleles (Koorneef et al, 1991).

Cosmid and RFLP markers.

DNA of lambda clones m210, m326, m580, m226 were obtained from Elliot Meyerowitz (Caltech, Pasadena). Total DNA was used as radiolabelled probe to YAC library colony filters and plant genomic DNA blots. Cosmids g10086, g4546, g4108, g19247 were obtained from Brian Hauge and Howard Goodman (MGH, Boston), cultured in the presence of 30 mg/l kanamycin, and maintained as glycerol stocks at -70° C. Total cosmid DNA was used as radiolabelled probe to YAC library colony filters and plant genomic DNA blots. Cosmid clones cAtA2 and cATB1 were obtained from Chris Cobbett (University of Melbourne) and cultured in the presence of 10 mg/l tetracycline. Cosmid pCITd23 was provided by Elliot Meyerowitz (Caltech, Pasadena), cultured in the presence of 100 μg/ml streptomycin/spectinomycin and maintained as a glycerol stock at -70° C. pCIT30 vector sequences share homology to pYAC4 derived vectors, and therefore YAC library colony filters were hybridised with insert DNA extracted from the cosmid. Total DNA of pCITd23 was used as radiolabelled probe to plant genomic DNA blots.

YAC libraries.

The EG and ABI libraries were obtained from Chris Somerville (Michigan State University). The EW library was obtained from Jeff Dangl (Max Delbruck Laboratory, Cologne) and the yUP library from Joe Ecker (University of Pennsylvania). Master copies of the libraries were stored at -70° C. (as described by Schmidt et al. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 19: 341-351 (1992)). The working stocks were maintained on selective Kiwibrew agar at 4° C. Kiwibrew is a selective, complete minimal medium minus uracil, and containing 11% Casamino acids. Working stocks of the libraries were replated using a 96-prong replicator every 3 months.

Yeast colony filters.

Hybond-N (Amersham) filters (8 cm×11 cm) containing arrays of yeast colony DNA from 8-24 library plates were produced and processed (as described by Coulson et al. Nature 335:184-186 (1988) and modified (as described by Schmidt and Dean Genome Analysis, vol.4: 71-98 (1992)). Hybridisation and washing conditions were according to the manufacturer's instructions. Radiolabelled probe DNA was prepared by random-hexamer labelling.

Yeast chromosome preparation and fractionation by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Five milliliters of Kiwibrew was inoculated with a single yeast colony and cultured at 30° C. for 24 h. Yeast spheroplasts were generated by incubation with 2.5 mg/ml Novozym (Novo Biolabs) for 1 h at room temperature. Then 1 M sorbitol was added to bring the final volume of spheroplasts to 50 μl. Eighty microliters of molten LMP agarose (1% InCert agarose, FMC) in 1 M sorbitol was added to the spheroplasts, the mixture was vortexed briefly and pipetted into plug moulds. Plugs were placed into 1.5 ml Eppendorf tubes and then incubated in 1 ml of 1 mg/ml Proteinase K (Boehringer Mannheim) in 100 mMEDTA, pH 8, 1% Sarkosyl for 4 h at 50° C. The solution was replaced and the plugs incubated overnight. The plugs were washed three times for 30 min each with TE and twice for 30 min with 0.5×TVBE. PFGE was carried out using the Pulsaphor system (LKB). One-third of a plug was loaded onto a 1% agarose gel and electrophoresed in 0.5×TBE at 170 V,20 s pulse time, for 36 h at 4° C. DNA markers were concatemers of lambda DNA prepared as described by Bancroft and Wolk, Nucleic A Res. 16:7405-7418 (1988). DNA was visualised by staining with ethidium bromide.

Yeast genomic DNA for restriction enzyme digestion and inverse polymerase chain rection (IPCR).

Yeast genomic DNA was prepared essentially as described by Heard et al. (1989) except that yeast spheroplasts were prepared as above. Finally, the DNA was extracted twice with phenol/chloroform, once with chloroform and ethanol precipitated. The yield from a 5 ml culture was about 10 μg DNA.

Isolation of YAC left-end probes by plasmid rescue.

Plasmid rescue of YAC left-end fragments from EG, ABI and EW YACs was carried out as described by Schmidt et al. (1992). IPCR was used to generate left and right end fragments using the protocol and primers described in Schmidt et al (1992).

Gel blotting and hybridisation conditions.

Gel transfer to Hybond-N, hybridisation and washing conditions were according to the manufacturer's instructions, except that DNA was fixed to the filters by UV Stratalinker treatment and/or baked at 80° C. for 2 h.

Hybridization protocol:

1) Make up a pre-hydridization solution as follows (for 25 ml)

    ______________________________________                                         Solution      Volume    Final concentration                                    ______________________________________                                         20 × SSPE                                                                              6.25 ml   5 × SSPE                                           100 × Denhardt's 1.25 ml 5 × Denhardt's solution                   solution                                                                       10% (w/v)SDS 1.25 ml 0.5% (w/v)SDS                                           ______________________________________                                          Make up to 25 ml with sterile water. Add to the membrane in a                  hybridization box or bag.                                                

2) Denature 0.5 ml of a 1 mg/ml solution of sonicated non-homologous DNA by heating to 100° C. for 5 minutes. Chill on ice and add to prehybridization solution.

3) Prehybridize in a shaking water bath at 65° C. for 1 hour.

4) Denature labelled probe (unless using an RNA or ssDNA probe) by heating to 100° C. for 5 minutes. Add the probe to the prehybridization solution.

5) Incubate for at least 12 hours at 65° C. (Amersham supply a rapid hybridization system that allows hybridization to take place in 1-2 hours with no loss in sensitivity).

6) Following hybridization, wash the filters by incubating them in 2×SSPE, 0.1% (w/v) SDS at room temperature for 10 minutes. Repeat.

7) Replace the solution with 1×SSPE, 0.1% (w/v) SDS. Incubate at 65° C. for 15 minutes.

8) Replace the solution with 0.1×SSPE, 0.1% (w/v) SDS. Incubate at 65° C. for 10 minutes. Repeat if necessary. Note: This is a high stringency wash and should be omitted if related sequences are to be probed.

9) Remove filter, wrap in SaranWrap and carry out autoradiography. SaranWrap should not be used if the probe is labelled with sulphur-35.

Other published protocols may also be successfully used with Hybond N+. Detailed protocols for ECL probe labelling and hybridization can be found in the appropriate ECL system handbook. Radiolabelled DNA was prepared by random hexamer labelling.

RFLP analysis.

Two to three micrograms of plant genomic DNA was prepared from the parental plants used in the crosses and cleaved in a 300 μl volume. The digested DNA was ethanol precipitated and separated on 0.7% agarose gels and blotted onto Hybond-N filters. Radiolabelled cosmid, lambda or YAC end probe DNA was hybridised to the filters to identify RFLPs.

RNA extractions

RNA was extracted using a method described by Dean et al (1985) polyA RNA was isolated using the polyAtract^(R) mRNA isolation system (Promega).

DNA extractions

Arabidopsis DNA was performed by a CTAB extraction method described by Dean et al (1992).

Isolation of cDNA by RT-PCR

Total RNA was isolated from whole seedlings at the 2-3 leaf stage growing under long days in the greenhouse. For first strand cDNA synthesis, 10 μg of RNA in a volume of 10 μl was heated to 65° C. for 3 minutes, and then quickly cooled on ice. 10 μl of reaction mix was made containing 1 μl of RNAsin, 1 μl of standard dT17-adapter primer (1 μg/μl; Frohman et al, 1988), 4 μl of 5× reverse transcriptase buffer (250 mM TrisHCl pH8.3, 375 mM KCl, 15 mM MgCl2), 2 μl DTT (100 mM), 1 μl dNTP (20 mM), 1 μl reverse transcriptase (200 units, M-MLV Gibco). This reaction mix was then added to the RNA creating a final volume of 20 μl. The mixture was incubated at 42° C. for 2 hours and then diluted to 200 μl with water.

10 μl of the diluted first strand synthesis reaction was added to 90 μl of PCR mix containing 4 μl 2.5 mM dNTP, 10 μl 10×PCR buffer (Boehringer plus Mg), 1 μl of a 100 ng/μl solution of each of the primers, 73.7 μl of water and 0.3 μl of 5 units/μl Taq polymerase (Boehringer or Cetus Amplitaq). The reaction was performed at 94° C. for 1 minute, 34 cycles of 55° C. for 1 minute, 72° C. for 2 minutes and then finally at 72° C. for 10 minutes.

DNA sequencing

The Sanger method was used to sequence fragments of interest inserted in a Bluescript plasmid vector. Reactions were performed using a Sequenase kit (United States Biochemical Corporation).

Screening the Landsberg erecta cosmid library and the PRL-2 cDNA library.

26000 clones arrayed in microtitre plates were screened by gridding offsets from 16 microtitre plates onto LB-tet (10 μg/ml) plates and then taking colony lifts onto Hybond N filters. 1×106 plaques of the CD4-71-PRL2 library (supplied by the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center at Ohio State University) were screened by plating 20 plates of 50000 plaques and then taking plaque lifts onto Hybond N filters.

Transformation of Arabidopsis

The cosmids containing DNA from the vicinity of FCA were mobilised into Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58C1, and the T-DNA introduced into Arabidopsis plants as described by Valvekens et al, 1988. Roots of plants grown in vitro were isolated and grown on callus-inducing medium (Valvekens et al, 1988) for 2 days. The roots were then cut into short segments and co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the plasmid of interest. The root explants were dried on blotting paper and placed onto callus-inducing medium for 2-3 days. The Agrobacterium were washed off, the roots dried and placed onto shoot inducing medium (Valvekens et al, 1988) containing vancomycin to kill the Agrobacterium and kanamycin to select for transformed plant cells. After approximately 6 weeks green calli on the roots start to produce shoots. These are removed and placed in petri dishes or magenta pots containing germination medium (Valvekens et al, 1988). These plants produce seeds in the magenta pots. These are then sown on germination medium containing kanamycin to identify transformed seedlings containing the transgene (Valvekens et al, 1988).

EXAMPLE 3 Plants Homozygous for the T-DNA Insertion Carrying FCA Flower Earlier than Heterozygotes

Two transformants of each of the four cosmid clones that complemented the fca mutant phenotype were selfed and seed of late and early flowering individuals were collected and plated on kanamycin-containing medium. All the late flowering progeny were kanamycin sensitive whilst progeny from the early flowering individuals were either homozygous or heterozygous for kanamycin resistance. This demonstrates that the kanamycin marker on the T-DNA carrying the region containing the FCA gene completely co-segregated with the early flowering phenotype. Thus, complementation to early flowering was due to sequences within the insert of the cosmid. LN was counted for the early flowering individuals either homozygous or heterozygous for the T-DNA insert.

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                         cosmid         K/K      K/-                                                    ______________________________________                                         CL58I16        10.3 (9)   13 (4)                                                  9.7 (4)  10.4 (10)                                                            CL44B23 9,5 (2) 11.8 (6)                                                         12 (2) 11.1 (6)                                                              cAtA1 14.2 (5)    15 (3)                                                        9.6 (3) 10.8 (5)                                                              cAtA2 9.1 (7)  9.3 (3)                                                          12.5 (3)  14.4 (7)                                                          ______________________________________                                    

Analysis of flowering time (as measured by total LN) in transformants showing complementation of the fca mutant phenotype. For each cosmid two independent transformants were analysed. The leaf number was counted on F2 individuals (the number of which is shown in the bracket) which were then selfed and progeny sown on kanamycin-containing medium to establish whether the plant was homozygous (K/K) or heterozygous (K/-) for the T-DNA insert.

The results, shown in Table 1 above, indicate that the homozygotes flowered significantly earlier than the heterozygotes in all 8 transformants analysed. Thus increasing the FCA gene dosage and therefore most likely the amount of gene product causes earlier flowering.

EXAMPLE 4 Antisense Experiments

A 1184 bp BamHI (bp3547, FIG. 3)/HindIII (bp4731 FIG. 3) restriction fragment from the FCA cDNA clone was subcloned into the BamHI/HindIII restriction sites of pBluescriptKSII. The insert was released with the enzymes BamHI and XhoI and subcloned into an Agrobacterium binary vector pSLJ6562 (J. Jones, Sainsbury Laboratory). The resulting plasmid contains the CaMV 35S promoter transcribing the FCA cDNA fragment to produce antisense RNA, terminated with 3' sequences from the nopaline synthase gene. This plasmid also carries LB and RB Agrobacterium sequences for delivery into plant cells and and a nos5'-kan-ocs3' fusion to allow kanamycin selection for transformants. The construct was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Landsberg erecta using the root explant transformation procedure of Valvekens et al (1988).

Selfed seed from five transformants were collected, sown on kanamycin-containing medium and and 10 kanamycin resistant individuals transplanted to soil. Three of the transformants segregated for a single T-DNA insertion, the other had two or more. Flowering time, assayed as rosette leaf number was measured. Progeny from four of the five transformants were late flowering, producing 12 rosette leaves, compared to 4 for the fifth transformant. Grown alongside, in these particular conditions, non-transformed Landsberg erecta and fca-1 plants flowered with ˜4 and 11 rosette leaves respectively. Thus the antisense construct (as a single locus) effectively reproduced the late flowering phenotype of the fca-1 mutation.

EXAMPLE 5 Construction of Promoter Fusions to the FCA Open Reading Frame

A genomic SalI-XhoI fragment carrying the whole FCA gene plus 64 bp upstream of the putative start of translation and 500 bp downstream of the site of polyadenylation was cloned into the XhoI site of the Agrobacterium binary vector pSLJ 6562 (described above). This resulted in a vector carrying a nos-kan fusion for transformant selection and a fusion where the 35S promoter is driving the FCA genomic region (21 exons, 20 introns). Tranformants have been made using this construct.

This construct when introduced into fca-4 plants corrected the late flowering phenotype causing the plants to flower with 6.4 leaves under a long-day photoperiod. This was similar to wild-type Landsberg erecta which flowered with 6.2 leaves when grown alongside.

EXAMPLE 6 Construction of an FCA Gene Lacking Introns--Transcripts γ_(A) and γ_(B)

The γ_(A) construct was created by cloning together seven fragments:

i. an EcoRI (a site present to the insert junction in the multiple cloning site of the vector)--SalI fragment from the cosmid CL43B23. This fragment contains the 5' promoter and untranslated region of FCA and the 5' region of the ORF.

ii. a 425 bp SalI-HindIII restriction fragment from cDNA clone 77B.

iii. the region of the spliced transcript covering the 5' splice site of intron 3 was generated using RT-PCR with primers cDNAII-BamHI and IanRT1. The product was reamplified using cDNAII-1 and RevEx4, digested with SalI and BglII and cloned into pBluescriptKSII digested with SalI and BamHI. A 270 bp HindIII fragment from this plasmid was then used in the reconstruction of the fully spliced transcript.

iv. a region of the spliced transcript was amplified using RT-PCR and primers BamX and IanRT1. This was digested with HindIII and BglII and the 52 bp fragment used in the reconstruction of the fully spliced transcript.

v. a region of the spliced transcript was amplified using RT-PCR and primers BamX and Rev404 (position indicated on FIG. 3). A 256 bp ClaI-BamHI fragment was released and gel-purified for use in the reconstruction of the fully spliced transcript.

vi. a ClaI-SpeI fragment was excised from the FCA cDNA clone (the 1811 bp clone isolated from the PRL-2 library)

vii. a SpeI-XhoI fragment, carrying the last ˜140 bp of 3' untranslated region plus ˜500 bp of 3' genomic sequence, was isolated from the FCA genomic clone.

The seven fragments used to construct the FCA gene lacking introns were assembled in two parts, 5' region and then 3' region, which were then combined.

A. 5' region. Fragment iv was cloned into pBluescriptKSII as a HindIII/ClaI insert. Fragment ii was then cloned into this as an EcoRI/HindIII fragment (the EcoRI site coming from the multi-cloning site in the cDNA cloning vector). Fragment iii was then cloned into the HindIII site between fragments ii and iv, the correct orientation being determined using an asymmetrically positioned RsaI site. Fragment i was then cloned into the EcoRI/SalI sites.

B. 3' region. Fragment vii was cloned into the SpeI/XhoI sites present in fragment vi (the XhoI site coming from the multiple cloning site in the vector). Fragment v was then cloned into the BamHI site, the correct orientation being determined using an asymmetrically positioned ClaI site.

The 3' region containing fragments v, vi and vii was then cloned into the plasmid containing the 5' fragments as a ClaI/XhoI fragment.

The γ_(B) construct was generated by replacing the EcoNI fragment (1503 bp to 2521 bp of spliced transcript) with an EcoNI fragment from a clone derived from RT-PCR from Ler RNA that contained the alternatively spliced form encoding the full length protein.

The resulting constructs were released from the vector using EcoRI and XhoI and cloned into the EcoRI/XhoI sites of the Agrobacterium binary vector pSLJ1714 (Jones et al 1992). Transformants carrying this construct have been generated.

Construct γ_(A) when introduced into Landsberg erecta caused it to flower with 5.6 leaves under a long-day photoperiod. This was slightly earlier than wild-type Landsberg erecta which flowered with 6.2 leaves when grown alongside. When grown under short-day photoperiod 1/4 of the progeny from the tranformant flowered early (with an average of 8.7 leaves). This is significantly earlier than wild-type Landsberg erecta which flowers with 23.5 leaves under these conditions.

EXAMPLE 7 Expression in E. coli

The γ_(B) construct, described in Example 6, was digested with Sal1 and KpnI and cloned into the XhoI-KpnI sites of the E. coli expression vector pRSETC (Invitrogen Corp.). The resulting vector has the FCA cDNA cloned in frame with a polyhistidine metal binding domain, which enables the recombinant protein to be purified away from native E.coli proteins using a metal affinity resin (ProBond™ Ni²⁺, Invitrogen Corp.). The FCA protein did not bind well to the affinity columns and so was separated from the E.coli proteins by excision from an SDS-polyacrylamide gel. Protein was extracted from the gel slice and used to inject rabbits. A booster jab was given and then two bleeds taken. The antibodies produced detect the FCA protein dot blotted onto nylon membrane at >1/10,000 dilution.

EXAMPLE 8 Primers Designed to Amplify Genes Containing RRM Domains with High Homology to FCA

Based on the homology between etr-1, an EST derived from a human brain mRNA (dbest H1995); the Drosophila sexlethal protein; the human nervous system proteins HuD, HuC, Hel-N1, and Hel-N2; and the Xenopus proteins elrA, elrB, elrC, elrD a set of degenerate PCR primers were designed containing two regions of very high homology.

    Amino acid                                                                             F                                                                                V                                                                                G                                                                                S                                                                                L                                                                                N                                                                                K    (SEQ ID NO:9)                                            - OLIGO 1 5' TTT GTG GGG AGG CTG AAC AAG C 3' (SEQ ID NO:10)                     C   A   A TCA T A   T   A                                                      T   T   T   T                                                                  C   C   C   C                                                                - Amino acid  R  G  C  F  V  K  Y  (SEQ ID NO:11)                              - OLIGO 1 3' TCC GAC GCC GAA GCA GTT TAT 5' (SEQ ID NO:12)                      A A A A A C                                                                    T  T  T                                                                        C  C  C                                                               

EXAMPLE 9 Construction of FCA Derivatives to Generate Dominant Negative Mutations and to Analyse the Expression and Splicing Pattern of the FCA Gene

A construct expressing the second open reading frame of transcript α_(B) under the control of the FCA promoter, was constructed by deleting the first open reading frame (from 450 bp to 1206 bp). This was done using oligo mutagenesis to introduce a SphI site at the two positions, digesting and religating the vector.

To examine FCA expression FCA promoter-GUS fusion constructs have been made. FCA promoter+exons 1-4 of FCA fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene have been constructed to monitor the splicing within intron 3. The entire FCA spliced cDNA (γ_(B)) with GUS fused in frame at the C-terminus has been made to monitor FCA protein localization within the cell.

EXAMPLE 10 Identification of FCA Homologues within the Arabidopsis Genome

A four genome equivalent Landsberg erecta cosmid library was screened using low stringency conditions (40° C. overnight, 1% SDS, 5×SSC, 0.5% milk powder) with the complete FCA genomic clone. The filters were washed 2×20 min at 45° C. in 2×SSC, 0.5% SDS. After exposure they were then rewashed 2×20 min, 50° C. in 2×SSC, 0.5% SDS. 61 cosmid clones were picked, plus two negative control cosmids. Five of these were additional FCA clones, leaving 56 putative FCA homologues. Minipreps were prepared from 10 ml o/n cultures of cosmids, digested with EcoRI, run on 0.8% gels with positive and negative controls on each gel and Southern blotted. The blots were hybridised separately to 77B and FCA cDNA (originally called 61A) (FIG. 7) using the conditions described above and then washed at 45° C. only.

Of the putative homologues:

(a)--2 cosmids hybridized only to 77B

(b)--11 cosmids hybridized only to 61A

(c)--31 cosmids hybridized to both cDNAs

(d)--13 cosmids difficult to score or showed no detectable hybridized

(a) 2 cosmids appear not to be related

(b)

49 C 22 and 67 I 3 share common EcoRI fragments

18 G 16 and 7 L 2

(c)

39 G 10, 46 H 15, 56 F 2 and 59 A 8 share common EcoRI fragments,

39 G 10 and 56 F 2 share additional frag

4 H 4 and 45 K 24 share two frags

at least nine other pairs of cosmids may have at least one EcoRI fragment in common.

                                      TABLE 2                                      __________________________________________________________________________     SEQ ID NOS:13-25                                                                                              bp start                                          Primers Sequence FIG. 3                                                      __________________________________________________________________________     cDNAII-BamHI                                                                            5' CAGGATCCTTCATCATCTTCGATACTCG 3'                                                                     25                                               - cDNAII-1 5' GTCCCTCAGATTCACGCTTC 3'  228                                     - cDNAII-3'a 5' CACTTTTCAAACACATC 3' 1167                                      - cDNAII-3'b 5' GTTCTCTGTACATTAACTC 3' 1213                                    - BamX 5' ATTGAGATTCTTACATACTG 3' 2568                                         - RevEx1A 5' TAAGACATGTCTGACAG 3' 2838                                         - RevEx1B 5' GTGATCTGATTGTGCAG 3' 3030                                         - RevEx4 5' TAGACATCTTCCACATG 3' 3145                                          - IanRT1 5' CAATGGCTGATTGCAACCTCTC 3320                                        - IanRT2 5' TCTTTGGCTCAGCAAACCG 3' 3348                                        - Rev404 5' CAATGTGGCAGAAGATG 3' 3673                                          - fca-3'a 5' AGGCCATTGTTTGGCAGCTC 4941                                         - fca-3'b 5' CCCAGCTAAGTTACTACTAG 3' 5003                                   __________________________________________________________________________

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    __________________________________________________________________________     #             SEQUENCE LISTING                                                    - -  - - (1) GENERAL INFORMATION:                                              - -    (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 31                                           - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 1:                                     - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 9763 base - #pairs                                                 (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: double                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)                                      - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO                                                  - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO                                                    - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #1:                            - - GATCTAGGTG AAATTAATCT GAAGTTTAGA AATAGATTTT CTTGGAACTT CG -             #GAGAAAAT     60                                                                  - - ATGCTTCACT CAACTTTTTT TTGGTGCTAT ATGAACAAAG ATAATGGTCA TA -             #TGAATGTA    120                                                                  - - AACGTGTTTT GGGATGATGT TATCTTGTTC CATAGATGCG GTTGGAAGAA TT -             #GCATTTGG    180                                                                  - - ACTGCAAAAA CTGATGGCCT TTATCTTTGG AATTCAGCGA GCGGTGAAGA TG -             #TATTGTCA    240                                                                  - - AGAAAATGGG AAGTTGGATG GTGAAGCCAT ATTTTTGCTT TTGGGTAATT TT -             #TTAGTACA    300                                                                  - - TGTATCTTGT TGTTTTTGGC AAAAAAAAAA TTGAAATAAT AAAAAACATT TG -             #TTTTAACT    360                                                                  - - TTCTCTCTTA TTTTGTGTAT TTTTCATCAA TGATAGATTT TTTGTTTTAG TT -             #CTTTATTT    420                                                                  - - ATAGGTCATT TAATTATTAG ATTAATTTCC TGAGATAATA AGATCATAGA TT -             #AAATAACA    480                                                                  - - ATATTGTGTT TGTGATATAT AGAGATTACA TTTTACACTT ATATATAGTG GT -             #AAGATTTC    540                                                                  - - TTTTTGCTTT CAAACCATTA AAAACCTGTT AAACGATTAA CTTGACTCAA GA -             #CAAAGCCA    600                                                                  - - TTGATTATTG ACTCATGAAT CTAGTGACTC ATGATGAAGG AGACGAACAG TA -             #AATATTCA    660                                                                  - - TTTGATTATT TTAGGTAAAA GGTAGTTCAG ACCTAGTCAT ATATCCTCTA AA -             #TTCATATA    720                                                                  - - GTGATGCAAG TATTTTGCAT TACTTAGAAC TTTATATTAT TGATCACCCA AC -             #ACATGATT    780                                                                  - - TAATAAACGC CATGAAATGC ATGTACTATA TCAAAATGTT TCTGAAGCAT AT -             #AGTTGACA    840                                                                  - - TGAGAATTTT GGATTGGACT TAAGAATGTG AGAGTTACCT GAAATGTCAA TT -             #TTTTTCCC    900                                                                  - - TTTGTTAACG AAAACTCATT GGAACAATTG TATCCCCCTT TTGGCAGTAT AT -             #AAATATAT    960                                                                  - - TGATGGCCCA AGTAGCTGTA TTTTCCGTTA TCAGCCAAGA CTCAATAAAG TC -             #TACCGGTC   1020                                                                  - - CAAATTTCAA CTGAATCACC GGTCCAACCA CTATTACCGT AACTAGACCG CT -             #TTTTCTTT   1080                                                                  - - TTTACATTCG GACAAAAAAA TCAAAATTTC GAGCAACTAA ATTGATCTCA TC -             #TTCAATCA   1140                                                                  - - AATTCATCAT CTTCGATACT CGTTTCTTCT CTCTTTGGTT TCATACAGAT CC -             #CAAATTTC   1200                                                                  - - TAGGGCTCCT AGTCCTTTGA TTTCTTCGAC TGGAATCGCA ATTCCCCACT AC -             #GTCAAGCT   1260                                                                  - - GGACAGACAC CGAAGGGATC GCCATGAGAG TGGCGGCTAC GAGGATTCCT AC -             #CATAACCA   1320                                                                  - - CCGAGCCCAT CCCAGAGGTC CATCTCGTCC CTCAGATTCA CGCTTCGAAG AG -             #GATGATGA   1380                                                                  - - TGATTTTCGC CGCCACCGTC GTCGTCGTGG AAGCAGCCCT AGCAATTATC GA -             #ATTGGAAT   1440                                                                  - - TGGGGGCGGA GGAGGAGGTA ATGGTGGTCG ACGCTGGGAA GATGACACTC CT -             #AAGGATTT   1500                                                                  - - TGATGGTCCC GGAGATGGAG GTTTCCGGCA GATGAATGGT CCCCCAGATA GA -             #GTAGATTT   1560                                                                  - - TAAGCCTATG GGTCCTCACC ATGGTGGAAG TTTTCGGCCT ATGGGGTTTG CC -             #TACGATGA   1620                                                                  - - TGGTTTTCGT CCAATGGGTC CTAACGGTGG TGTGGGAGGA GAAGGGACAC GG -             #TCAATTGT   1680                                                                  - - TGGAGCTCGG TATAACTATC CCGCGAAGTA TCCTCCTTCA GAGAGTCCAG AC -             #AGGAGGAG   1740                                                                  - - ATTTATCGGT AAAGCAATGG AGTCTGATTA TTCTGTAAGA CCGACTACAC CG -             #CCGGTCCA   1800                                                                  - - GCAGCCTCTT TCCGGTCAGA AAAGAGGGTA TCCTATCTCA GACCATGGCA GC -             #TTTACTGG   1860                                                                  - - AACTGGTAAG CATGAGTTCA CTCTTCTTTC TTCTATGTAT ATTTATTCTT GT -             #AGTCTGTT   1920                                                                  - - AAGGTTCCTG AGTGTCTCTT ATTTTTGTGG GAATCAATGA TTAGAGTATT GA -             #AAGGTAGT   1980                                                                  - - ATGGTTGTTA TGTTACTGTA TTGTTGAAGG TTTTTCATGG GATCGACTCT AG -             #AGGATCCT   2040                                                                  - - TTCGATTTTC CCATGTATGT GATAATCAAA ACTATATGCC ATCTTCATGT GT -             #ATCCTTAT   2100                                                                  - - CTGGTTAATT TGATTTGCAG ATGTCTCTGA TCGTAGCAGT ACAGTCAAGC TT -             #TTTGTTGG   2160                                                                  - - ATCTGTACCA AGGACAGCTA CAGAAGAAGA AGTGAGTTAA TCTTGGAAAT CA -             #TTGTTATC   2220                                                                  - - TATATACTCA TTACTGAGAA CCTTTTCTAA ATTTTTTCTG TTGGTTTTCA TA -             #TTGTAGAT   2280                                                                  - - CCGTCCCTAT TTCGAACAGC ATGGAAATGT TCTGGAGGTT GCTCTGATCA AG -             #GACAAGAG   2340                                                                  - - AACTGGACAG CAGCAAGGTA TGTCAATCTC CATTTTATTA GGAAATAGTC GT -             #GAATTATA   2400                                                                  - - CTTTTTAAAA TTTCAGGTCT CCCTGAAAAG GCTGATGGGA AGCAACCCCA GT -             #CTCATCAT   2460                                                                  - - TGGCCTCCAA TTGTTTGCAA CAATTTTCGG GCTTATTGCT TATGCTTGCC AG -             #CGTCTTAT   2520                                                                  - - CTGTGTTCGA TTCTGTCACA GAAGAAGGCT ACCTGTGCTA AGAAAGGGTT TA -             #TGTACTTA   2580                                                                  - - TGTTGGGCAA ATAGATTTCG CTACTTGTGT GTATTCTAGA ACTTTAGATG TG -             #TTTGAAAA   2640                                                                  - - GTGTAGAATT TATTGAGGGT GTTTTAGAGT TGGAGTTAAT GTACAGAGAA CT -             #GAATTTTG   2700                                                                  - - CTGTTGCCTT TATAGTGGGA ATTGGTTATA AGAACATCGC TATTTTCCTC TC -             #CTATTGAA   2760                                                                  - - ATTCATTTTC TTTACTCTTC CTCTAGATGG ATTGAAGATG TTGTGTATGG TC -             #TTGACAGG   2820                                                                  - - ATGAATGTAT TTTTTTAAGT TGGTAGTTTG ATAAGGACAT GAGGTTCAAA AG -             #ATGGTTTC   2880                                                                  - - TTGATTTGCC ACTCCTGCTG GTCAAAGATT TGGCCGTCTT TCTAATTTTA TC -             #ATGTTGGA   2940                                                                  - - GGTTTGGCGT CTTCATTTTC TTTCATATCA ATTTATGGGT GTGCTGTCTA TT -             #GGTTAATG   3000                                                                  - - ATGGCATTCC TTTTACCTTT TTGGATGAGT GATGCTGGAA TGAATGCGTT TC -             #TCCTTTTC   3060                                                                  - - TTTTGTTGAT GGCCTGAGGA ACTATGATGG CTATATTTCT TTCCACTCTC TT -             #TGAATGGC   3120                                                                  - - CTGAAATGTG TGCTTTCTGT ATGGTCGTCC CTCTCAATTT CTTGGATGGC TT -             #GTGATGTG   3180                                                                  - - ATATACCATC TCTCGTCATA GGTGAATGAA TGATTTGTTT AGTAGTTCTT AT -             #GTATGTAT   3240                                                                  - - TTTGTATGTT CCCACGTCTC TATTCCTTGG ATGGCTTGTG ATGTGATATA CC -             #ATCTCTCG   3300                                                                  - - TCATAGATGA ATGAATATTT TGTTGAGTAG CTCTTATGTC TGTATGGTGG CC -             #CTTGCAGT   3360                                                                  - - GCTGATCGAT ATTTATGTGG AAGAAATGTT TGATGATAGA TTTTTTTTGT AT -             #GCTCCCTT   3420                                                                  - - TTCGCTAATC AAGCCTTTGT GCTTGCAAGG TGCAACTGTT ATTTTATTAT TG -             #AATTTCCT   3480                                                                  - - GTTCTACTAC TCCATTTAGT TCTGTCTCTA TTTTGTCAGT GTGAAGAAAT AC -             #TAGACGAT   3540                                                                  - - GAATGGTGTG TTTGTACGTG CATAGTTATT TATAAATTCT TGACTTTCCA AG -             #AAGTTATT   3600                                                                  - - ATTTCTATAA CTGCTACACC TTTGTGGATG GCAGAACAAA TGCATCTGAT TG -             #TGGTGACA   3660                                                                  - - TAAACACTTT TGATCGCGGT TGAATGTACT AGATTCCATA CAACTCTTTC TT -             #CAGCCTTG   3720                                                                  - - TGAAATATTA TTATGTTAGG TGGTGCAAAC ATATGGAAGG AACCTGATTG TT -             #TTAGTTTC   3780                                                                  - - TTAGAATAGT TTCTGATGTT AATACAGCAT GTTGACTTCA CTCTCTTGCC CT -             #TGATCAAT   3840                                                                  - - CAGCATCAGG CAGGGGCCTA ATTATGTATT ACATGAAGCA ATCGTATTCT TT -             #TCTGAATT   3900                                                                  - - AGATTTTTTT CCAATGAGTT ATCTTGCCCA TAACTGTAGT TCTTTATTTG AA -             #GTCTTCAA   3960                                                                  - - ATGCTTGATG TATGGTGACG AAAATGTGTA TATGTTTTGG TTTTGATTAT CC -             #GCTACTCA   4020                                                                  - - TCAATTATTG AGATTCTTAC ATACTGAATC CGTTACTTTG GACCTATAGT TA -             #TGTTTTAT   4080                                                                  - - GTTGCTAATT AACTTGTACA TGTTTCTAGA TTTTCTTTCA AATGGATCCT GC -             #TTGGACAA   4140                                                                  - - ATGCAGCCAC CCTTTGTCTG AAAGGCCCTC TTGTAGATAT GTTATCTGCA GA -             #TACTGACT   4200                                                                  - - GTGTTCAATT TTTTAATATT TGTTTTTGCC ATATTCTCCA TTTGAAGACA TT -             #AATTTATT   4260                                                                  - - CTCTCCAACA ACTTTACATC AATATTTAAG TGGAGGCTGT CAGACATGTC TT -             #ATGATTTT   4320                                                                  - - CCTACTGAAC TTATGTGCTT TGAGTAGTAC ATCTTGTTAC TAGTACAATT TG -             #ATGGTAGA   4380                                                                  - - AGGAAAAGTT GAACCCTGAA ACAGATAGCT TAAGTATCAG TCTTTAATGC AG -             #GCTGTTGT   4440                                                                  - - TTTGTAAAAT ATGCAACTTC GAAAGATGCG GATAGAGCCA TCAGAGCACT GC -             #ACAATCAG   4500                                                                  - - ATCACTCTTC CTGGGGTAAT TACCCTGAGG CTTTCTCTTA TCAAGAACAG GA -             #AACTATAG   4560                                                                  - - GTTGTTTCAC CTTTTATAAT TTTGTTGATT CCCAGGGAAC TGGTCCTGTT CA -             #AGTTCGAT   4620                                                                  - - ATGCTGACGG GGAGAGAGAA CGCATAGGTA ATCAACTTCC ACACAGAGTA TC -             #TAATGTGG   4680                                                                  - - CTGTCATTGT CTAGTGTTCA TAGCCAAGAC CATACGCTGC ATAAGTTCAG AT -             #TACAAAAA   4740                                                                  - - TTAAGAAAAT GTGGGAAATG ATATGAACTT TATGGATGTT GATCCTTTTC TT -             #TCCCTGTT   4800                                                                  - - TTCTTTGCCT TACTATCAAG TGATATAGTT CTCTTCTTCT GAAGGCACCC TA -             #GAGTTTAA   4860                                                                  - - GCTTTTTGTT GGTTCACTAA ACAAGCAAGC CACTGAAAAA GAAGTTGAGG AG -             #GTATGTTT   4920                                                                  - - CGTATCTTAC TTTTTGAAGT TGTTACTTAT GTCAGATTAA CGGAACAGGG AA -             #GAGTTCTA   4980                                                                  - - AACTTGGATA TTATTGTGTC CCCTGTTACC TGAGTTGATA ATTTTAAATG AC -             #TCTTTGAT   5040                                                                  - - AAATTTTGTT AGTCTTACCA AAGGGTGAGT GTCTAGAAAA TCTGTGTCAA TA -             #ATGCAAGC   5100                                                                  - - GCTTGGACAT TCTACTTACT GTGTAATCTC TTCTTCCAAT TGATCCAACT GT -             #TTGACTGT   5160                                                                  - - CATAATAGAT AAAATTAATA AATGTGAACG GCTACCTTCC CAGTTCAACT TA -             #TGTGTTTC   5220                                                                  - - AATTTCTCAT GTAATCTTTT AACAAACTGT TTTATTGTTA TTGCTTTAAC AG -             #ATCTTTTT   5280                                                                  - - ACAATTTGGT CATGTGGAAG ATGTCTATCT CATGCGGGAT GAATATAGAC AG -             #AGTCGTGG   5340                                                                  - - TATGTTTTGT AATTTGTACT AGATTCTATA AATTATTTGT TGTGTGATGA TG -             #TTGAGATG   5400                                                                  - - GTGAAACTGT GTTTTTCACT TTGTAGGATG TGGGTTTGTT AAATATTCAA GC -             #AAAGAGAC   5460                                                                  - - GGCAATGGCA GCTATCGATG GTCTCAACGG AACTTATACC ATGAGAGTAA GC -             #TGTGAATC   5520                                                                  - - ACATAAGTAT CTCAGTTTCT CTCATTATCA CCCTTTGGAC CTGTTTTGTT TA -             #CTGGCCTC   5580                                                                  - - TATCCTTTCC CCAGGGTTGC AATCAGCCAT TGATTGTTCG GTTTGCTGAG CC -             #AAAGAGGC   5640                                                                  - - CTAAACCTGG CGAGTCAAGG TAATGCCTTG GGTACTATAT TTTGATTAAT CC -             #TAATACTC   5700                                                                  - - TTATCAAGTA AATTGTATAT ACCTTCATTC TTTGTTCTGT CTGAGTTATA TT -             #TGTGGAGA   5760                                                                  - - ATCTTTTGGA CATGGTGGAG AGTTGGGAAC CCTGTTCCTT CTCCAGTTAT TA -             #CTGGAATG   5820                                                                  - - TGAAGCATTG CTTTCTAGAT ATCCTTAAGT AGTTTCTGTT TCCAGGGAAA TG -             #GCACCTCC   5880                                                                  - - TGTTGGACTT GGTTCAGGGC CTCGTTTTCA AGCTTCAGGA CCAAGGTAAC TG -             #GTGTGAAA   5940                                                                  - - GGAGATCATG ATTATGCTCA TTAGGTAATT ATATATGTTG ACTTACCCCG GT -             #CTCCTCAT   6000                                                                  - - CTCTATTTGT TAGGCCTACC TCTAACTTTG GTGACTCTAG TGGGGATGTA AG -             #CCACACAA   6060                                                                  - - ATCCTTGGCG TCCAGCTACT TCACGAAACG TAGGCCCACC TAGTAACACT GG -             #GATCCGTG   6120                                                                  - - GTGCCGGTAG TGACTTTCCC CCTAAACCAG GTCAAGCAAC ATTGCCTTCA AA -             #TCAGGTGA   6180                                                                  - - GAACAGGTTG ATGATCATGT ATATCATCTT AAATCTGCAC ATTCATATAA GT -             #AAGCGCAT   6240                                                                  - - AGAGTTTGCA TGTATTGTGC GAGACAAATA AAAAGAAAGT ACTTCATATA CT -             #GCACACAT   6300                                                                  - - GGGCTTATGA CAGGTGAAAA GAAGCATGAA GTTCTGACCT TTCAACTTTT CA -             #TATAATGC   6360                                                                  - - AACAAACACG ATGTGTGTTG CTCAAATGAT ATGGCCTTAA TTTGCAGTTT GT -             #CAGTTACT   6420                                                                  - - GAGGCAATTT TTTTTTTGAA TAATTTCTAG CCCTGATGTG AGCTTTTTTA AA -             #TGTAACAT   6480                                                                  - - TCTATATTGT TAGGGTGGCC CGTTAGGTGG TTATGGTGTT CCTCCCCTTA AC -             #CCTCTCCC   6540                                                                  - - AGTCCCTGGA GTTTCATCTT CTGCCACATT GCAACAGGTA CTTTAGCTAT AT -             #TTTTCCAA   6600                                                                  - - TTAAGCAAAT CTGAAAATGT TGTGATGATT AACTTGGATT TTCAATTGTT TC -             #TATTCCAT   6660                                                                  - - AGCAAAATCG GGCAGCTGGC CAGCATATAA CACCATTAAA AAAACCTCTT CA -             #CAGTCCAC   6720                                                                  - - AGGGTCTCCC TCTCCCCCTC CGTCCGCAAA CTAATTTCCC TGGGGCCCAG GC -             #ACCCTTGC   6780                                                                  - - AGAATCCTTA TGCTTATAGC AGCCAGTTGC CTACCTCTCA GCTGCCACCA CA -             #GCAAAACA   6840                                                                  - - TCAGTCGTGC AACTGCTCCT CAAACTCCTT TGAACATTAA TCTACGGCCA AC -             #AACTGTGT   6900                                                                  - - CTTCTGCAAC TGTTCAATTT CCCCCTCGTT CCCAGCAGCA ACCGCTACAA AA -             #GATGCAAC   6960                                                                  - - ATCCTCCTTC TGAGCTAGCT CAGCTCTTGT CGCAGCAAAC TCAGAGTCTA CA -             #AGCAACAT   7020                                                                  - - TCCAATCGTC TCAGCAAGCA ATTTCTCAGC TGCAGCAGCA GGTGCAGTCT AT -             #GCAGCAAC   7080                                                                  - - CAAACCAAAA TTTACCACTC TCACAGAATG GCCGAGCTGG TAAACAACAG GT -             #ATGAATAT   7140                                                                  - - AGTCTCTCAG TTGCATCTGC CCAGACGGGT TCTTCAGCTG CTATTGTGTT GT -             #TTTAACTT   7200                                                                  - - AAAATTATTT CCTGATAGAC ATCCCGTTTT TTATCCTTCA TGTGTTTTAG TA -             #TTCTCCCC   7260                                                                  - - TTTTCTAATG TTCCTCTCGG CTGCTTCTTT ATCAGTGGGC TGGATCTGCA AT -             #TCCAAGAG   7320                                                                  - - TGGCTAGCAC CACTGGTTCG ACACCAGTGA GCTATGTGCA AACAGCTGCA CC -             #TGCAGTAA   7380                                                                  - - GTCAGAGCGT AGGTTCTGTC AAATGTACCT GGACCGAGCA TACCTCGCCT GA -             #TGGATTTA   7440                                                                  - - AATATTATTA CAATGGTCTA ACGGGTGAAA GCAAGGTGAG AAACGTGGTT CC -             #TCTTTAAT   7500                                                                  - - ATATTTCCTT GTGAGTTTCA GGAGTATTCC TCCTGGTTTA TTGTGCTATT GA -             #TAATCCTT   7560                                                                  - - ACACATGTAT ATTTTATATT TGAAGTCCTT CAGTACGTGC CATATTATGT AT -             #ATAATTCA   7620                                                                  - - CTTTTGCAGT GGGAAAAACC TGAGGAAATG ATAGTGTTCG AACGAGAGCA AC -             #AGAAACAG   7680                                                                  - - CAACAACATC AAGAGAAGCC AACTATACAG CAGTCCCAGA CCCAATTACA GC -             #CGTTGCAG   7740                                                                  - - CAACAACCAC AACAAGTTCA GCAGCAATAT CAGGGCCAGC AATTACAGCA GC -             #CGTTTTAT   7800                                                                  - - TCTTCACTGG TTGGTTTCGT TTTCATGCTG GTTACATTCA AATATTTTTG TC -             #ACATGGTT   7860                                                                  - - TCTAATTTGC ATATTTACTC TTGTTCATTT GGAGTTGCAG TATCCAACTC CA -             #GGGGCCAG   7920                                                                  - - CCATAATACT CAGGTGTATA TCTGTTTAAT CTGTTTACTT ATTTTTCATT TC -             #AAGATTTG   7980                                                                  - - ATTCTTGATA TGCTAATCTT GTGGTAGAAG GAGATTGACC ACCTTAAAGT AA -             #AATTCAGT   8040                                                                  - - AGCCATGGTT TTGCCAGCAT TTTGAAATAC AGATAACAAA TCTCTAACGT GA -             #ATGCCTAT   8100                                                                  - - TTTCCTTTCT AAAATGCAGT ATCCATCATT GCCAGTAGGT CAAAATAGCC AG -             #GTACATAT   8160                                                                  - - CTGAATCTGT GGACTTATTT TTCATTGAAC TGATTGATTC TCAGTTACAA CA -             #TTGACTTC   8220                                                                  - - CTCTGATGCG TAGTTTTTGT AACATATCAG AATAACAAAA ACTTCATCTG AT -             #TCGTATAT   8280                                                                  - - TCTCTGGTTG AAAATCTTTT TTTCTTTTCT GGAAAATGCA GTTTCCTATG TC -             #AGGAATTG   8340                                                                  - - GTCAGAATGC TCAGGTATAT ATCTCATTTT GTATTAACAA TTTCCCATAC CT -             #TCTGTACC   8400                                                                  - - TTTGAATTTA ATCACAGAAC ATAATGAGTT CTTGGATTTA ATGTCATTTT AA -             #AAAGAAAC   8460                                                                  - - ATCAGTGATA TGACTTCCTT CCTTGGTTAA AAATGGTTTA GGCAGAGCTT AT -             #TTTCTATT   8520                                                                  - - CTGTTTGGAT TGTCTAGGAT TATGCTCGGA CACATATACC CGTGGGAGCT GC -             #TTCAATGA   8580                                                                  - - ATGATATATC AAGAACTCCA CAGGTAGTTA TGGTTTTTAT CAGTGATTCA GA -             #ACTTCTCT   8640                                                                  - - CTGTTCATAA TTCGTCCTTT GGTATTCAGA TGTTCTTTTT CGTTGAAACC GT -             #TTTTTTCC   8700                                                                  - - TTAATTCTCT TTACAATCAT ATCTCTTTTT CCCAGAGCCG TCAATCTCCC CA -             #AGAACTCA   8760                                                                  - - TGTGGAAGAA TAAAGCTTGA GGTTCATATC TACCCTTTCT CTCCTCTCTC TT -             #GTATTTTC   8820                                                                  - - TCCATACCGA AACACATTCC AATGTATGTG GTTTCTTTAG TTGAAGTTAC CT -             #CTGTGTTG   8880                                                                  - - ATCGATACTC TACTTCAGGT ACATGAGACG AGGAGCTAAA CTATCTCAGT AG -             #CTAGATAG   8940                                                                  - - AAATTTCTGG AACTAATTAG TCAAGGAGAG GAAAAGCAGC AATGGTAGTG TC -             #CTTAGTCT   9000                                                                  - - CTGATTTTTT TAGTTAACCC CTTCAGTTAT AATAGATAGG CGATCGTAGA CC -             #ATCTGCAT   9060                                                                  - - TCTATCTTTT CTCTAATCAG ATATCTCCTC CTTTTCCATT TTAAGAGCTG CC -             #AAACAATG   9120                                                                  - - GCCTGTTGTA ACATAGCTAG CGCAAGTTAT GTCTCATGTT GTGTTACTAG TA -             #GTAACTTA   9180                                                                  - - GCTGGGTAAA CCAAACTTTG ATCCAGATTA GGAGTCATAT ATAATTATAT AA -             #ATAGAATA   9240                                                                  - - TGTACATTCA TAGATAGCTC ATCACTTATA ATGAGACTAG ATCTTAGCAA AA -             #TCCAACTC   9300                                                                  - - TAATTGTCAT TTTCAGAGAT CTATCAATTT GTAGTTTCCT GATCTTCATA TA -             #TGTGTTCG   9360                                                                  - - CTCTTCTAAT GATTACGTAA AATCAGAGTC CTACGTAGGT GGACTTCTTT AA -             #TTTTTATA   9420                                                                  - - TAGATAATTA GATATCATTC AATAAGTCGG GCTTTTATTT TTAGTTAATC AT -             #TCTACAAT   9480                                                                  - - TCTTCCTAAT CTCGCTATTA CTACCACCGG GTATCCCTCC CATTTTAACC AT -             #AGCGTTCT   9540                                                                  - - TAAAATCCTC AAAGAAAACC GACTGATCTG TTGCGTAGGT CTCAACAATC GC -             #CCTTGTCC   9600                                                                  - - CTGGGTCTTG AACCGCTAAA GCCTGGTCTG ATGGAAGCAA TCCCTCACCC GA -             #GAGGAGGT   9660                                                                  - - TTACATAGTA CTGGTTGTCA AATGTTGATG GAGTCACCAA GTCAAGCTGA GT -             #GATACCTA   9720                                                                  - - CACTGGGCCC AACAGTCGAG CATAACTGTT GCAGTGACTC GAG    - #                      976 - #3                                                                     - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 2:                                     - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 5113 base - #pairs                                                 (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: double                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA                                               - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO                                                    - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #2:                            - - AAATTGATCT CATCTTCAAT CAAATTCATC ATCTTCGATA CTCGTTTCTT CT -              #CTCTTTGG     60                                                                  - - TTTCATACAG ATCCCAAATT TCTAGGGCTC CTAGTCCTTT GATTTCTTCG AC -             #TGGAATCG    120                                                                  - - CAATTCCCCA CTACGTCAAG CTGGACAGAC ACCGAAGGGA TCGCCATGAG AG -             #TGGCGGCT    180                                                                  - - ACGAGGATTC CTACCATAAC CACCGAGCCC ATCCCAGAGG TCCATCTCGT CC -             #CTCAGATT    240                                                                  - - CACGCTTCGA AGAGGATGAT GATGATTTTC GCCGCCACCG TCGTCGTCGT GG -             #AAGCAGCC    300                                                                  - - CTAGCAATTA TCGAATTGGA ATTGGGGGCG GAGGAGGAGG TAATGGTGGT CG -             #ACGCTGGG    360                                                                  - - AAGATGACAC TCCTAAGGAT TTTGATGGTC CCGGAGATGG AGGTTTCCGG CA -             #GATGAATG    420                                                                  - - GTCCCCCAGA TAGAGTAGAT TTTAAGCCTA TGGGTCCTCA CCATGGTGGA AG -             #TTTTCGGC    480                                                                  - - CTATGGGGTT TGCCTACGAT GATGGTTTTC GTCCAATGGG TCCTAACGGT GG -             #TGTGGGAG    540                                                                  - - GAGAAGGGAC ACGGTCAATT GTTGGAGCTC GGTATAACTA TCCCGCGAAG TA -             #TCCTCCTT    600                                                                  - - CAGAGAGTCC AGACAGGAGG AGATTTATCG GTAAAGCAAT GGAGTCTGAT TA -             #TTCTGTAA    660                                                                  - - GACCGACTAC ACCGCCGGTC CAGCAGCCTC TTTCCGGTCA GAAAAGAGGG TA -             #TCCTATCT    720                                                                  - - CAGACCATGG CAGCTTTACT GGAACTGATG TCTCTGATCG TAGCAGTACA GT -             #CAAGCTTT    780                                                                  - - TTGTTGGATC TGTACCAAGG ACAGCTACAG AAGAAGAAAT CCGTCCCTAT TT -             #CGAACAGC    840                                                                  - - ATGGAAATGT TCTGGAGGTT GCTCTGATCA AGGACAAGAG AACTGGACAG CA -             #GCAAGGTA    900                                                                  - - TGTCAATCTC CATTTTATTA GGAAATAGTC GTGAATTATA CTTTTTAAAA TT -             #TCAGGTCT    960                                                                  - - CCCTGAAAAG GCTGATGGGA AGCAACCCCA GTCTCATCAT TGGCCTCCAA TT -             #GTTTGCAA   1020                                                                  - - CAATTTTCGG GCTTATTGCT TATGCTTGCC AGCGTCTTAT CTGTGTTCGA TT -             #CTGTCACA   1080                                                                  - - GAAGAAGGCT ACCTGTGCTA AGAAAGGGTT TATGTACTTA TGTTGGGCAA AT -             #AGATTTCG   1140                                                                  - - CTACTTGTGT GTATTCTAGA ACTTTAGATG TGTTTGAAAA GTGTAGAATT TA -             #TTGAGGGT   1200                                                                  - - GTTTTAGAGT TGGAGTTAAT GTACAGAGAA CTGAATTTTG CTGTTGCCTT TA -             #TAGTGGGA   1260                                                                  - - ATTGGTTATA AGAACATCGC TATTTTCCTC TCCCTATTGA AATTCATTTT CT -             #TTACTCTT   1320                                                                  - - CCTCTAGATG GATTGAAGAT GTTGTGTATG GTCTTGACAG GATGAATGTA TT -             #TTTTTAAG   1380                                                                  - - TTGGTAGTTT GATAAGGACA TGAGGTTCAA AAGATGGTTT CTTGATTTGC CA -             #CTCCTGCT   1440                                                                  - - GGTCAAAGAT TTGGCCGTCT TTCTAATTTT ATCATGTTGG AGGTTTGGCG TC -             #TTCATTTT   1500                                                                  - - CTTTCATATC AATTTATGGG TGTGCTGTCT ATTGGTTAAT GATGGCATTC CT -             #TTTACCTT   1560                                                                  - - TTTGGATGAG TGATGCTGGA ATGAATGCGT TTCTCCTTTT CTTTTGTTGA TG -             #GCCTGAGG   1620                                                                  - - AACTATGATG GCTATATTTC TTTCCACTCT CTTTGAATGG CCTGAAATGT GT -             #GCTTTCTG   1680                                                                  - - TATGGTCGTC CCTCTCAATT TCTTGGATGG CTTGTGATGT GATATACCAT CT -             #CTCGTCAT   1740                                                                  - - AGGTGAATGA ATGATTTGTT TAGTAGTTCT TATGTATGTA TTTTGTATGT TC -             #CCACGTCT   1800                                                                  - - CTATTCCTTG GATGGCTTGT GATGTGATAT ACCATCTCTC GTCATAGATG AA -             #TGAATATT   1860                                                                  - - TTGTTGAGTA GCTCTTATGT CTGTATGGTG GCCCTTGCAG TGCTGATCGA TA -             #TTTATGTG   1920                                                                  - - GAAGAAATGT TTGATGATAG ATTTTTTTTG TATGCTCCCT TTTCGCTAAT CA -             #AGCCTTTG   1980                                                                  - - TGCTTGCAAG GTGCAACTGT TATTTTATTA TTGAATTTCC TGTTCTACTA CT -             #CCATTTAG   2040                                                                  - - TTCTGTCTCT ATTTTGTCAG TGTGAAGAAA TACTAGACGA TGAATGGTGT GT -             #TTGTACGT   2100                                                                  - - GCATAGTTAT TTATAAATTC TTGACTTTCC AAGAAGTTAT TATTTCTATA AC -             #TGCTACAC   2160                                                                  - - CTTTGTGGAT GGCAGAACAA ATGCATCTGA TTGTGGTGAC ATAAACACTT TT -             #GATCGCGG   2220                                                                  - - TTGAATGTAC TAGATTCCAT ACAACTCTTT CTTCAGCCTT GTGAAATATT AT -             #TATGTTAG   2280                                                                  - - GTGGTGCAAA CATATGGAAG GAACCTGATT GTTTTAGTTT CTTAGAATAG TT -             #TCTGATGT   2340                                                                  - - TAATACAGCA TGTTGACTTC ACTCTCTTGC CCTTGATCAA TCAGCATCAG GC -             #AGGGGCCT   2400                                                                  - - AATTATGTAT TACATGAAGC AATCGTATTC TTTTCTGAAT TAGATTTTTT TC -             #CAATGAGT   2460                                                                  - - TATCTTGCCC ATAACTGTAG TTCTTTATTT GAAGTCTTCA AATGCTTGAT GT -             #ATGGTGAC   2520                                                                  - - GAAAATGTGT ATATGTTTTG GTTTTGATTA TCCGCTACTC ATCAATTATT GA -             #GATTCTTA   2580                                                                  - - CATACTGAAT CCGTTACTTT GGACCTATAG TTATGTTTTA TGTTGCTAAT TA -             #ACTTGTAC   2640                                                                  - - ATGTTTCTAG ATTTTCTTTC AAATGGATCC TGCTTGGACA AATGCAGCCA CC -             #CTTTGTCT   2700                                                                  - - GAAAGGCCCT CTTGTAGATA TGTTATCTGC AGATACTGAC TGTGTTCAAT TT -             #TTTAATAT   2760                                                                  - - TTGTTTTTGC CATATTCTCC ATTTGAAGAC ATTAATTTAT TCTCTCCAAC AA -             #CTTTACAT   2820                                                                  - - CAATATTTAA GTGGAGGCTG TCAGACATGT CTTATGATTT TCCTACTGAA CT -             #TATGTGCT   2880                                                                  - - TTGAGTAGTA CATCTTGTTA CTAGTACAAT TTGATGGTAG AAGGAAAAGT TG -             #AACCCTGA   2940                                                                  - - AACAGATAGC TTAAGTATCA GTCTTTAATG CAGGCTGTTG TTTTGTAAAA TA -             #TGCAACTT   3000                                                                  - - CGAAAGATGC GGATAGAGCC ATCAGAGCAC TGCACAATCA GATCACTCTT CC -             #TGGGGGAA   3060                                                                  - - CTGGTCCTGT TCAAGTTCGA TATGCTGACG GGGAGAGAGA ACGCATAGGC AC -             #CCTAGAGT   3120                                                                  - - TTAAGCTTTT TGTTGGTTCA CTAAACAAGC AAGCCACTGA AAAAGAAGTT GA -             #GGAGATCT   3180                                                                  - - TTTTACAATT TGGTCATGTG GAAGATGTCT ATCTCATGCG GGATGAATAT AG -             #ACAGAGTC   3240                                                                  - - GTGGATGTGG GTTTGTTAAA TATTCAAGCA AAGAGACGGC AATGGCAGCT AT -             #CGATGGTC   3300                                                                  - - TCAACGGAAC TTATACCATG AGAGGTTGCA ATCAGCCATT GATTGTTCGG TT -             #TGCTGAGC   3360                                                                  - - CAAAGAGGCC TAAACCTGGC GAGTCAAGGG ACATGGCACC TCCTGTTGGA CT -             #TGGTTCAG   3420                                                                  - - GGCCTCGTTT TCAAGCTTCA GGACCAAGGC CTACCTCTAA CTTTGGTGAC TC -             #TAGTGGGG   3480                                                                  - - ATGTAAGCCA CACAAATCCT TGGCGTCCAG CTACTTCACG AAACGTAGGC CC -             #ACCTAGTA   3540                                                                  - - ACACTGGGAT CCGTGGTGCC GGTAGTGACT TTTCCCCTAA ACCAGGTCAA GC -             #AACATTGC   3600                                                                  - - CTTCAAATCA GGGTGGCCCG TTAGGTGGTT ATGGTGTTCC TCCCCTTAAC CC -             #TCTCCCAG   3660                                                                  - - TCCCTGGAGT TTCATCTTCT GCCACATTGC AACAGGAAAA TCGGGCAGCT GG -             #CCAGCATA   3720                                                                  - - TAACACCATT AAAAAAACCT CTTCACAGTC CACAGGGTCT CCCTCTCCCC CT -             #CCGTCCGG   3780                                                                  - - AAACTAATTT CCCTGGGGGC CAGGCACCCT TGCAGAATCC TTATGCTTAT AG -             #CAGCCAGT   3840                                                                  - - TGCCTACCTC TCAGCTGCCA CCACAGCAAA ACATCAGTCG TGCAACTGCT CC -             #TCAAACTC   3900                                                                  - - CTTTGAACAT TAATCTACGG CCAACAACTG TGTCTTCTGC AACTGTTCAA TT -             #TCCCCCTC   3960                                                                  - - GTTCCCAGCA GCAACCGCTA CAAAAGATGC AACATCCTCC TTCTGAGCTA GC -             #TCAGCTCT   4020                                                                  - - TGTCGCAGCA AACTCAGAGT CTACAAGCAA CATTCCAATC GTCTCAGCAA GC -             #AATTTCTC   4080                                                                  - - AGCTGCAGCA GCAGGTGCAG TCTATGCAGC AACCAAACCA AAATTTACCA CT -             #CTCACAGA   4140                                                                  - - ATGGCCGAGC TGGTAAACAA CAGTGGGCTG GATCTGCAAT TCCAAGAGTG GC -             #TAGCACCA   4200                                                                  - - CTGGTTCGAC ACCAGTGAGC TATGTGCAAA CAGCTGCACC TGCAGTAAGT CA -             #GAGCGTAG   4260                                                                  - - GTTCTGTCAA ATGTACCTGG ACCGAGCATA CCTCGCCTGA TGGATTTAAA TA -             #TTATTACA   4320                                                                  - - ATGGTCTAAC GGGTGAAAGC AAGTGGGAAA AACCTGAGGA AATGATAGTG TT -             #CGAACGAG   4380                                                                  - - AGCAACAGAA ACAGCAACAA CATCAAGAGA AGCCAACTAT ACAGCAGTCC CA -             #GACCCAAT   4440                                                                  - - TACAGCCGTT GCAGCAACAA CCACAACAAG TTCAGCAGCA ATATCAGGGC CA -             #GCAATTAC   4500                                                                  - - AGCAGCCGTT TTATTCTTCA CTGTATCCAA CTCCAGGGGC CAGCCATAAT AC -             #TCAGTATC   4560                                                                  - - CATCATTGCC AGTTGGTCAA AATAGCCAGT TTCCTATGTC AGGAATTGGT CA -             #GAATGCTC   4620                                                                  - - AGGATTATGC TCGGACACAT ATACCCGTGG GAGCTGCTTC AATGAATGAT AT -             #ATCAAGAA   4680                                                                  - - CTCAACAGAG CCGTCAATCT CCCCAAGAAC TCATGTGGAA GAATAAAACT TG -             #AGGTACAT   4740                                                                  - - GAGACGAGGA GCTAAACTAT CTCAGTAGCT AGATAGAAAT TTCTGGAACT AA -             #TTAGTCAA   4800                                                                  - - GGAGAGGAAA AGCAGCAATG GTAGTGTCCT TAGTCTCTGA TTTTTTTAGT TA -             #ACCCCTTC   4860                                                                  - - AGTTATAATA GATAGGCGAT CGTAGACCAT CTGCATTCTA TCTTTTCTCT AA -             #TCAGATAT   4920                                                                  - - CTCCTCCTTT TTCATTTTAA GAGCTGCCAA ACAATGGCCT GTTGTAACAT AA -             #CTAGCGCA   4980                                                                  - - AGTTATGTCT CATGTTGTGT TACTAGTAGT AACTTAGCTG GGTAAACCAA AC -             #TTTGATCC   5040                                                                  - - AGATTAGGAG TCATATATAA TTATATAAAT AGAATATGTA CATTCATAGA TA -             #AAAAAAAA   5100                                                                  - - AAAAAAAAAA AAA              - #                  - #                       - #    5113                                                                   - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 3:                                     - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 747 amino - #acids                                                 (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS:                                                              (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                            - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #3:                            - - Met Asn Gly Pro Pro Asp Arg Val Asp Phe Ly - #s Pro Met Gly Pro His       1               5   - #                10  - #                15                - - His Gly Gly Ser Phe Arg Pro Met Gly Phe Al - #a Tyr Asp Asp Gly Phe                   20      - #            25      - #            30                    - - Arg Pro Met Gly Pro Asn Gly Gly Val Gly Gl - #y Glu Gly Thr Arg Ser               35          - #        40          - #        45                        - - Ile Val Gly Ala Arg Tyr Asn Tyr Pro Ala Ly - #s Tyr Pro Pro Ser Glu           50              - #    55              - #    60                            - - Ser Pro Asp Arg Arg Arg Phe Ile Gly Lys Al - #a Met Glu Ser Asp Tyr       65                  - #70                  - #75                  - #80         - - Ser Val Arg Pro Thr Thr Pro Pro Val Gln Gl - #n Pro Leu Ser Gly Gln                       85  - #                90  - #                95                - - Lys Arg Gly Tyr Pro Ile Ser Asp His Gly Se - #r Phe Thr Gly Thr Asp                   100      - #           105      - #           110                   - - Val Ser Asp Arg Ser Ser Thr Val Lys Leu Ph - #e Val Gly Ser Val Pro               115          - #       120          - #       125                       - - Arg Thr Ala Thr Glu Glu Glu Ile Arg Pro Ty - #r Phe Glu Gln His Gly           130              - #   135              - #   140                           - - Asn Val Leu Glu Val Ala Leu Ile Lys Asp Ly - #s Arg Thr Gly Gln Gln       145                 1 - #50                 1 - #55                 1 -       #60                                                                               - - Gln Gly Cys Cys Phe Val Lys Tyr Ala Thr Se - #r Lys Asp Ala Asp         Arg                                                                                              165  - #               170  - #               175              - - Ala Ile Arg Ala Leu His Asn Gln Ile Thr Le - #u Pro Gly Gly Thr Gly                   180      - #           185      - #           190                   - - Pro Val Gln Val Arg Tyr Ala Asp Gly Glu Ar - #g Glu Arg Ile Gly Thr               195          - #       200          - #       205                       - - Leu Glu Phe Lys Leu Phe Val Gly Ser Leu As - #n Lys Gln Ala Thr Glu           210              - #   215              - #   220                           - - Lys Glu Val Glu Glu Ile Phe Leu Gln Phe Gl - #y His Val Glu Asp Val       225                 2 - #30                 2 - #35                 2 -       #40                                                                               - - Tyr Leu Met Arg Asp Glu Tyr Arg Gln Ser Ar - #g Gly Cys Gly Phe         Val                                                                                              245  - #               250  - #               255              - - Lys Tyr Ser Ser Lys Glu Thr Ala Met Ala Al - #a Ile Asp Gly Leu Asn                   260      - #           265      - #           270                   - - Gly Thr Tyr Thr Met Arg Gly Cys Asn Gln Pr - #o Leu Ile Val Arg Phe               275          - #       280          - #       285                       - - Ala Glu Pro Lys Arg Pro Lys Pro Gly Glu Se - #r Arg Asp Met Ala Pro           290              - #   295              - #   300                           - - Pro Val Gly Leu Gly Ser Gly Pro Arg Phe Gl - #n Ala Ser Gly Pro Arg       305                 3 - #10                 3 - #15                 3 -       #20                                                                               - - Pro Thr Ser Asn Phe Gly Asp Ser Ser Gly As - #p Val Ser His Thr         Asn                                                                                              325  - #               330  - #               335              - - Pro Trp Arg Pro Ala Thr Ser Arg Asn Val Gl - #y Pro Pro Ser Asn Thr                   340      - #           345      - #           350                   - - Gly Ile Arg Gly Ala Gly Ser Asp Phe Ser Pr - #o Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala               355          - #       360          - #       365                       - - Thr Leu Pro Ser Asn Gln Gly Gly Pro Leu Gl - #y Gly Tyr Gly Val Pro           370              - #   375              - #   380                           - - Pro Leu Asn Pro Leu Pro Val Pro Gly Val Se - #r Ser Ser Ala Thr Leu       385                 3 - #90                 3 - #95                 4 -       #00                                                                               - - Gln Gln Glu Asn Arg Ala Ala Gly Gln His Il - #e Thr Pro Leu Lys         Lys                                                                                              405  - #               410  - #               415              - - Pro Leu His Ser Pro Gln Gly Leu Pro Leu Pr - #o Leu Arg Pro Glu Thr                   420      - #           425      - #           430                   - - Asn Phe Pro Gly Gly Gln Ala Pro Leu Gln As - #n Pro Tyr Ala Tyr Ser               435          - #       440          - #       445                       - - Ser Gln Leu Pro Thr Ser Gln Leu Pro Pro Gl - #n Gln Asn Ile Ser Arg           450              - #   455              - #   460                           - - Ala Thr Ala Pro Gln Thr Pro Leu Asn Ile As - #n Leu Arg Pro Thr Thr       465                 4 - #70                 4 - #75                 4 -       #80                                                                               - - Val Ser Ser Ala Thr Val Gln Phe Pro Pro Ar - #g Ser Gln Gln Gln         Pro                                                                                              485  - #               490  - #               495              - - Leu Gln Lys Met Gln His Pro Pro Ser Glu Le - #u Ala Gln Leu Leu Ser                   500      - #           505      - #           510                   - - Gln Gln Thr Gln Ser Leu Gln Ala Thr Phe Gl - #n Ser Ser Gln Gln Ala               515          - #       520          - #       525                       - - Ile Ser Gln Leu Gln Gln Gln Val Gln Ser Me - #t Gln Gln Pro Asn Gln           530              - #   535              - #   540                           - - Asn Leu Pro Leu Ser Gln Asn Gly Arg Ala Gl - #y Lys Gln Gln Trp Ala       545                 5 - #50                 5 - #55                 5 -       #60                                                                               - - Gly Ser Ala Ile Pro Arg Val Ala Ser Thr Th - #r Gly Ser Thr Pro         Val                                                                                              565  - #               570  - #               575              - - Ser Tyr Val Gln Thr Ala Ala Pro Ala Val Se - #r Gln Ser Val Gly Ser                   580      - #           585      - #           590                   - - Val Lys Cys Thr Trp Thr Glu His Thr Ser Pr - #o Asp Gly Phe Lys Tyr               595          - #       600          - #       605                       - - Tyr Tyr Asn Gly Leu Thr Gly Glu Ser Lys Tr - #p Glu Lys Pro Glu Glu           610              - #   615              - #   620                           - - Met Ile Val Phe Glu Arg Glu Gln Gln Lys Gl - #n Gln Gln His Gln Glu       625                 6 - #30                 6 - #35                 6 -       #40                                                                               - - Lys Pro Thr Ile Gln Gln Ser Gln Thr Gln Le - #u Gln Pro Leu Gln         Gln                                                                                              645  - #               650  - #               655              - - Gln Pro Gln Gln Val Gln Gln Gln Tyr Gln Gl - #y Gln Gln Leu Gln Gln                   660      - #           665      - #           670                   - - Pro Phe Tyr Ser Ser Leu Tyr Pro Thr Pro Gl - #y Ala Ser His Asn Thr               675          - #       680          - #       685                       - - Gln Tyr Pro Ser Leu Pro Val Gly Gln Asn Se - #r Gln Phe Pro Met Ser           690              - #   695              - #   700                           - - Gly Ile Gly Gln Asn Ala Gln Asp Tyr Ala Ar - #g Thr His Ile Pro Val       705                 7 - #10                 7 - #15                 7 -       #20                                                                               - - Gly Ala Ala Ser Met Asn Asp Ile Ser Arg Th - #r Gln Gln Ser Arg         Gln                                                                                              725  - #               730  - #               735              - - Ser Pro Gln Glu Leu Met Trp Lys Asn Lys Th - #r                                       740      - #           745                                          - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 4:                                     - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 9048 base - #pairs                                                 (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: double                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)                                      - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO                                                  - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO                                                    - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Brassica                                                - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #4:                            - - GTTAACGGAT CACACAGTAT AATATAAAAC TAGGTGTTTT GCCCGCACAT GC -              #GAGCATAA     60                                                                  - - TTTTCTCATC AATACTTATT AGTTTATATC TTATTAATCT AAAACCAGCA TG -             #ATAAGTTA    120                                                                  - - TTATTTATGT TTTCAGATAG TTAAATCAAA CATCAAAGTA TTTATATATG TC -             #AAATATTT    180                                                                  - - TATCAAAAAT ATATACTTAT TATTGTGTTA AATTTTTTAA AACACTCATA TC -             #TTAGAAAT    240                                                                  - - AGTTTAGAAA ATATCTTTAT ATAAATGTTT TTTAACTTTT ATAATAAAAA TA -             #TTGTTTTC    300                                                                  - - AGATAGCAAC AAAATATATA TAGAATTAAC TTATTTTTAA ATTTTTTGAT AA -             #TTTTATTA    360                                                                  - - TATTATTTAA GAATCAATTA TTTATATTAA TATAACATAT AATTTTCACT GA -             #TTAAATAA    420                                                                  - - AATTCGTTTT TAATTATATA AATTCATTAA GAGTATTGTT TTAATAACAC AT -             #TAGCGAAC    480                                                                  - - ATCAGCTAGA AATTAATAAT AAATCAATAA CCTAGCTAAA AGTCTAAAAC CT -             #AATAAAAT    540                                                                  - - ATGACAAATA AGAAAAATTA ACTAAATTTT AATATAAAAT ATAAATTTAA TA -             #TTACTAAA    600                                                                  - - ATAAAATTCA TTTTTAATAT ATATAAGATT CTTAAGGGTA TTTTTTAAAT TA -             #ATAAATTA    660                                                                  - - GTGACTTAGC TAAAAATAAA TAATAAATCA ATGATTTAGC TAAAACCTAA TA -             #AAAACATG    720                                                                  - - ACAAATAAGC AAATTTACTA AAATTATTGA TAATATAAAA TATGATTGAT TC -             #TTTAATAC    780                                                                  - - AAAATTAAAA TAAGAGTTTT TTTAAATCAA ACATAAGTCT GCCGTATCGG TG -             #TTAAAAAA    840                                                                  - - AAAATCATTA ATAGTGTCGT AGGAATTATG TATTTCCATT AGCGAATAAA AT -             #TGAAGCAG    900                                                                  - - AGTGTTGGAG GATAGCTCAA CGTATAGGCG AGATTATGGA GATTGATATG GG -             #AGTTGCCG    960                                                                  - - TAACGGACAC AACTGTTCCT CTGCAAAGAA ACGCTCCTAC TAGATGGACA TG -             #TCAAGTTG   1020                                                                  - - ATGCATCCTG GATAAATGAA AGAAACATAT CTGGACTTGG CTTTGTGTTA AT -             #GGATGGTG   1080                                                                  - - ACTTCCCAAT ACTGTTTGTA TCAACGGCCG ATATACACGC ACCAAATCAC CA -             #CTGCAAGC   1140                                                                  - - GGAACGTGAA GGTTTGCTAT GGGCAATGCA AGAGATACTG AAGTTTGGAC GC -             #AGAGTGAT   1200                                                                  - - GGTCTTTCAA TCGACTATGA ACAACTGGTT ATACTCATTC AAAAGGAGGA AG -             #ATGGCCTG   1260                                                                  - - CTTGGACTCG GAGCTCGACG AAATACAAGT TGTATCAAAG AATTTTCTGA AA -             #TTTCTATT   1320                                                                  - - GCTTATATTC CTAGATCTTT AAAATTCCGT ACGAATAGCC TAGCAAAAGG TG -             #TCGATCAC   1380                                                                  - - CCGCATCACG ATCAGCTTTT GTAACCCTTT GCACCAGTGG CTAGCCCACA GC -             #TAGCATGA   1440                                                                  - - GGGTGCAAAA GAGAATAAGT CGAAACAAGC TAGCATGAGG GTGCCAAAAA AG -             #AGAATAAA   1500                                                                  - - GTCGAAAGTA AAACTGAATA TCCAATGAAC AAAATTATCA GAAATCCATA TT -             #TATGTGGA   1560                                                                  - - TGTCTATATG GGACAAACAA TTTTTTTAGA TCAATCCTAA AATATATAAT TT -             #AAAAAAAC   1620                                                                  - - CATTTAAACA AACCATCAAA ATTTTGAATA TTACACCAAA AAAAAATATA AA -             #GACCAACT   1680                                                                  - - ATATTATATT CATGTATAAT GTGTAGTGGT AAGATTCAAA AAAATTAACT TA -             #CTTTACAG   1740                                                                  - - TAAGGGAAAA TTAGATTTTT TATTCCATAT TTACAGTAAA AACATAACAT TT -             #TATAAAAC   1800                                                                  - - TAAACAATTG ACATAATAGT ACAAAATATG AAAAAAAAAT CAAAATACTA AG -             #AACCTACT   1860                                                                  - - ATTAGTTAAA TTAAGTACAG TCAAGTCAAC TAGTATGTGA ATGAGATTTA AC -             #TTACAAAT   1920                                                                  - - TCATTACGAG ACAATAGCAC ATTTAGAAGA ATAACATGTA GATTGATGTG CA -             #CACAAAAA   1980                                                                  - - AAAACCAACG GGTACAAATG TTAACCGCTC CACCGGTCGA ACCATAATCC AG -             #ACCGGTTT   2040                                                                  - - TGCTATTTAA ACCGCTCAAA TCGCAAAGTA CGTTTCGCTT ACTTCCAGCA AA -             #CCACCATT   2100                                                                  - - GATCTCTCCT CCAATTCACA AATCCAATTT CTCTAGGGTT TGATTTCTTC GA -             #CTTGAATT   2160                                                                  - - GCATTTCCAT CCGAATTTCC CCAAATTCGT CAAGCTGGAT AGGCACCGAG GG -             #GATCGCCA   2220                                                                  - - CGAGAGTGCC TTACGACGAT TCCTACCGTA ACCACCGAGC TCACCTAGAG GT -             #CCCCCTCT   2280                                                                  - - ACTCTCAGAT TCACCCTCCA TGTCACGTTT CGGCGAGGAT GACGAAGGTT TC -             #AGCCGCCG   2340                                                                  - - TCGTCGCCGT GGAAACAGCC TAGCAATTAT CAGTTGGATG GGACAGAGGA GG -             #TGGCGATC   2400                                                                  - - GACGCTGGGA AGATGACGGC CACGATCGTA TTTCACAGAG AGGCGTGGGA GA -             #GTAGAATT   2460                                                                  - - TCAGCCTATG GGTTATGGCT TCGACGGAGG TTTTCCGCCG ATGAGTCGCG AC -             #GGAGGATT   2520                                                                  - - TTGGCCTAAC GTGCCAGTGA ATTTTCCGCC ATCGGAAAGT CCAGATGCAG GG -             #GGATATTC   2580                                                                  - - CGGCGGCAGG GGATTTCAAT CAACGGGGCC TGCTTACTCT GTGAGATTGA CT -             #TCACCGCC   2640                                                                  - - GATCCAGCAG CCTCTTTCTG GTCAGAAAAG AGGTCGTCCT CTCTCGGAGC AG -             #AGTAGCTT   2700                                                                  - - TACTGGAACT GGTAAGCTTG GGCTCACTCT ACTGTAATCG AGTTGTTTAG AG -             #TTAACAGT   2760                                                                  - - GGTTCATTTT ATACTTGTAT GTGATAATCA GGCTATTTCC AAACTAAATT AC -             #CTTTACTG   2820                                                                  - - GATCATTCGT TTTGCAGATT TACTGATAGT AGCAGTATGG TGAAGCTTTT TG -             #TTGGCTCT   2880                                                                  - - GTACCAAGGA CAGCTACAGA AGAAGAAGTG AGTTCATCTT TTTCTTATTT TC -             #CTAATTTC   2940                                                                  - - TTCTCAATAT ATATGCACTT TCTTGAGGCA ATCTAAACCA CGAAGCTCGT AG -             #ACTCTGTT   3000                                                                  - - CATAAGCCGT TCTTGTTTAT CATTTTGGTT TTCATAGGTC CGTCCCTTTT CG -             #AACAACAC   3060                                                                  - - GGTAAATGTT CTTGAGGTTG CTTTTATCAA GGACAAGAGA ACAGGACAGC AG -             #CAAGGTAT   3120                                                                  - - GTTTATCTCC ATTTTACTAG GAACAGTCGT GATTTATGCT TCTAAATTTT TC -             #AGGTCTCC   3180                                                                  - - TGAAAAGGCT GATGGGAACG AACCCCAGTC TCATCATTGG CCTCCATTAG TT -             #TTCAACAA   3240                                                                  - - TTTTCGGGCT TTTGCTTATG CTAGCGAGCG TCTTATCTGT GTTGCTTTGG CA -             #CAGAAGAA   3300                                                                  - - GGCTGCCTGT TTAGTTTACT AAGAAAGGGT TTTTGTATTG ACCTTGGTAA AA -             #TAGTTTTT   3360                                                                  - - GCGACTTGTG TCCATCCTAG AACCTTAGTT GTGTTTGAAC AGTGTAGCAG AC -             #TTTATCAT   3420                                                                  - - GTTTTAGAGT TGGAGTTAAT GTACATAAAA TTGAACAGAT GTTTTACTGT TG -             #CCTTTTAG   3480                                                                  - - TTGGCACTGG TTTAAAGAAC GTTGTTTTCT CCTTTCCTAT TGAATTCAGT AT -             #CTCTTTAC   3540                                                                  - - TCTTCCTTTC GATGAATGAA AATGGTGTAT ATGGTCTTGA CTGGATGAAT GT -             #ATTTTTAC   3600                                                                  - - TTGGTAGTCT TACAACGTTC ATAAAATGGT TTGATTGATA AACCACCCCT GC -             #TAGTCAAT   3660                                                                  - - ATTTGGCAGT TTCTTAGTGA TTATATCATG TTGGATGTTT TGTTTCTTTA GT -             #TTCTTTAA   3720                                                                  - - TATCAACTTT GGATGTACCG TCTCTATTGG TTGATGATGA AATTATTTTT TA -             #CCATTTTG   3780                                                                  - - GATGCTTGAT GCCTTAATGA ATGGATCTTT CCTTTTTTTC TTATTGTGGA TG -             #GCCGAGGA   3840                                                                  - - ACTATAATGA ATGTTCTCTT CGCTTTTTTT GAATGGCCTG GGATGTGGAC TT -             #CTTGTATG   3900                                                                  - - TTCTCACTTT CATTGATGAA TGACTGTTTC GTTGAGTAGC TCTATTGTTC TG -             #TATGGTAA   3960                                                                  - - CGCTAACACT GCTGATCTAC ATTATGTGGA AGAGATCATA TGTCTAATGA TA -             #TTTTTTTT   4020                                                                  - - CTATGTACCT TTCACCAACC AAGCTCAAAA GCTTGGTTTC AGTTTTTAGT GG -             #TCTTATTC   4080                                                                  - - TATATAGAGC TTGGTTTCAG TTTTTAGTGG TCTTATTCTA TATATTGAGA TT -             #GCTCTTGA   4140                                                                  - - AAAATTCCAT CAAAGTTCTG TCTTTATGAT GCAAGTGTGA AGAATTACTA GA -             #TGATGAGT   4200                                                                  - - GATGTATTAT TTAATAATTC GGGACTTTCC AAGAAGTTAT TGTACGGTGA CA -             #TAAAAGCT   4260                                                                  - - TTTACTCATC CCGTTATCAC GGTTTGACTG TAGTAGATTT GACACATTCC TT -             #GGTTTGAA   4320                                                                  - - ATGTTACATG GTGCTAAGAT ATGGAAGGCA ACGATTATTA TAATTTCTTA GA -             #AATACGTC   4380                                                                  - - TTAGCTTTCA CTCGCTCTCA TTGCTTCGAT CAGCATCAGG CATGAGCCGC CT -             #TAGTATGT   4440                                                                  - - ATTTAATGAA GCAAGTGTCA TTCTTCTCTA TATGCAACTA TTACCAATGA AT -             #TGACGTTG   4500                                                                  - - GGTTGTGGTT ATGTCTCTCA GAACTGTAAT TCTTTTTGTG AATGTCGTCA AA -             #TGTGTGGT   4560                                                                  - - GTATGTTGTA TGGTGTATGG TGACGAAAAT GTGATGTATG GCTCTAGTTT TA -             #ATTATATC   4620                                                                  - - ATTTGTTACT TAGCAGTGAT TGAGAACTCT TAACTTGTAA TTTTATCTAA TT -             #TTTTTTTG   4680                                                                  - - CAGTGATTGG ATTCTTTTTG CGTAATATAT ATTTTATTTG CAAATACCGA CT -             #GTGTTCTT   4740                                                                  - - TTTAAATAGT TTAAAGGCAT ATGCTTTATT TGAAGCACAT TAGTTTATTA TT -             #CTCTCCAT   4800                                                                  - - CAAATCTACT ACAGTAATGT AAGTCGAGGC TGTCAGGACA TGTCTTATGA TT -             #TTCGTACT   4860                                                                  - - GAAACTTATG TGCTTTCAAT GTGGTCGTGG CTTGTACATT TGTAAAGAAA CT -             #ATTTACTA   4920                                                                  - - GTATCTCTTG ATGTTTGATG GAGGGACAAG TGGAACCTTG AACAGAAGCT TA -             #TGTAGCAG   4980                                                                  - - TCTTTAATGC AGGCTGTTGT TTTGTAAAAT ATGCAACTTC TGAAGATGCG GA -             #TAGGGCCA   5040                                                                  - - TTAGAGCATT GCACAATCAG ATCACTCTTC CTGGGGTAAC TACCATTGAT GC -             #CTTCTCTT   5100                                                                  - - ATCAAGGACA GGAAAATACA GGTTAACTCT ATCTTTACAA TTTGCTGATT CC -             #CAGGGAAC   5160                                                                  - - TGGCCTTGTT CAAGTTCGAT ATGCTGATGG GGAGAGAGAA CGCATAGGTA AT -             #CAACTTTC   5220                                                                  - - GCGCCATATT ATCTGAATCT GGCCTTCATT GTCTGGTATA CATAGGGTGA CC -             #ATACGCTG   5280                                                                  - - TACAAATTCA AATTACGAGA ATTGAGATAA TGTGGGAAAC TATATGAATC TT -             #AAGGAAGT   5340                                                                  - - GGATCCTTTT TTCTGTGGTC CTTGCCTCAC TCTCAAGTAT TAACTGATTG AA -             #TTTACTTC   5400                                                                  - - TTCTGAAGGT GCGGTAGAGT TTAAGCTTTT TGTTGGTTCC TTAAACAAGC AA -             #GCCACTGA   5460                                                                  - - AAACGAGGTT GAGGAGGTAT GTCTCATATC CTACTTTTTG ATGGAAAGTA AT -             #TACTTATG   5520                                                                  - - TCTGATTTAC AAAGAGGGAA GCGTTCTAAA TTTAGATATT ACAGTATCCC CT -             #GTCGCCTT   5580                                                                  - - AGCTGGTAAT TTTAGTGATT ATATGACAAT TTAGTAGTCC TCTTGGAAGG GT -             #CAGCGGCT   5640                                                                  - - TGAAATTTTG TGTCAACTAT TCGAGCGCTT ACACATTTTA CTAACTGAGT GA -             #TCTCTTCT   5700                                                                  - - TTCAAATGGA CTGACTGAGT GATCTCTTCT TCCAAATGGA TGTAACTTTT TG -             #GCTGTCAG   5760                                                                  - - CTTTCTTTTC TCAGTAAATA TGATGAAGAT GTGAACGGCT ACTTTGTCCT GT -             #TGTTGCTT   5820                                                                  - - TAACAGCTCT TTTTGCAATT TGGTCGCGTG GAGGATGTCT ATCTCATGCG TG -             #ATGAATAT   5880                                                                  - - AGACAGAGTC GTGGTATGTC TGGTAACTGC CACTAGACTC TATAACTCGT TT -             #GATGGTGT   5940                                                                  - - TGATATGGTC AAACTGTTTT TGACACTCAT TTAGGATGCG GGTTTGTTAA AT -             #ATTCAAGC   6000                                                                  - - AAAGAGACGG CCATGGCAGC TATCGATGGT CTCAATGGAA CTTATACCAT GA -             #GAGTAAGC   6060                                                                  - - TGTGAAATCA CATGAGTATC TCACTTTCTC TCATTATCCC CTCTAGACCT GT -             #TTTGTTTA   6120                                                                  - - CTGGCCTCTT TCCCTTCTCC AGGGTTGCAA TCAGCCATTG ATTGTTCGGT TT -             #GCTGATCC   6180                                                                  - - AAAGAGGCCT AAACCGGGCG AGTCAAGGTA TTGCCTTGGA GACTATATTT TG -             #AATTCATT   6240                                                                  - - ATAATGCTAA TATCAAAAAA ATTGTGTCTA CTGTCATTGT TTGTTCTATT GA -             #GTTACATT   6300                                                                  - - TATGAGAATC TTTTGGGGCA TGGGTGGAGG AGAGCTGCGA ACCTTATTCC TT -             #CTCCAGTT   6360                                                                  - - ATTACTTGAA TGCGATGAAT TTCTTTCTAT ATATCCTTAA CTAGTTTCTG TT -             #TCCAGGGA   6420                                                                  - - AGTGGCACAT CCTGTTGGAC TTTGTTCAGG GCCTCGTTTT CAAGCTTCAG GA -             #CCAAGGTG   6480                                                                  - - ACTGGGGTGA AAGGAGATCG TTGTTTTTGT CATCAATTAA TTATATATTT TG -             #ACTAAACG   6540                                                                  - - TGGTCTCCTT ATCTTCATTT GTTAGGCCTA CATCTAACCT TGGTGACCTT AG -             #TGTGGATG   6600                                                                  - - TGAGCCACAC AAATCCTTGG CGTCCTATGA ATTCACCAAA CATGGGGCCA CC -             #TGGTAACA   6660                                                                  - - CTGGGATCCG TGGTACCGGA AGTGACTTGG CTCCTAGGCC AGGTCAAGCC AC -             #ATTACCTT   6720                                                                  - - CAAATCAGGT AAGAACAGCT TGATGATCAT GTATATTATC TTATATGTAC AC -             #ACCCAATC   6780                                                                  - - ACACATAAAG TAATCGGGCA TAAGGTTTTA CATGTATTGT GTGAGTAGGA CG -             #AACATAAT   6840                                                                  - - TTATATGCTG CACATATATG AGCGTATGGA CTCTTGAAAA GAAGCATGAA GT -             #TCCGACCT   6900                                                                  - - TCCAGCTTTT CATATGATGC AGCAAACTTG ATGTGTTTTG CATTGAAATG AT -             #ATGGCTTT   6960                                                                  - - GATTTGCATT TTGTCAGTTT CTAAGGAGTT TTTTTCTTCA ATAATTTCTA CT -             #TCTGATGT   7020                                                                  - - TAGCTTTATT TGTGGCATTC TATAATGTTA GGGAGGTCCA TTGGGTGGTT AT -             #GTTGTTCC   7080                                                                  - - TGCCATTAAC CCTCTACCAG TCTCATCCTC TGCCACATCG CAACAGGTAC TT -             #CAGCTGAA   7140                                                                  - - TTTTTCCAAT AAAGAAAATC TGAAAATGTT GTGTTGATCA GTTAATTTCA AC -             #TGTTTCTA   7200                                                                  - - TTCCATAGCA AAACCGGGGA GCTGGCCAGC ATATGTCACC ATTACAAAAA CC -             #TCTTCACA   7260                                                                  - - GTCCACAGGA TGTGCCCCTT CGACCACAAA CTAATTTCCC TGGGGCCCAA GC -             #ATCCTTGC   7320                                                                  - - AGAATCCTTA TGGTTATAGC AGCCAGTTGC CTACTTCTCA GCTGCGGCCA CA -             #ACAAAACG   7380                                                                  - - TCACTCCTGC AACAGCTCCT CAAGCTCCTT TGAACATCAA CCTACGGCCA AC -             #ACCTGTAT   7440                                                                  - - CTTCTGCAAC TGATCAATTG CGCCCTCGTG CTCAGCAGCC ACCGCCACAA AA -             #GATGCAAC   7500                                                                  - - ATCCTCCTTC TGAGCTAGTT CAGCTCTTGT CACAACAGAC TCAGACTCTA CA -             #AGCAACCT   7560                                                                  - - TCCAATCATC TCAGCAAGCA TTTTCTCAAC TGCAGGAGCA GGTGCAGTCC AT -             #GCAGCAAC   7620                                                                  - - CAAACCAAAA ATTACCAGGC TCACAGACTG GCCATGGTAA ACAGCAGGTA CA -             #AACATAGT   7680                                                                  - - TCCCTGTTGC ATCTGTCCAG TCCAGTTCCT CAGCTGTTTT TGTTGTTTTA AC -             #TTACAATT   7740                                                                  - - ATTTCCTGAT GTCTAAGTAT TCAATCCTTC ATATATTTTA GTAGTCCCTC TT -             #TTTTATTA   7800                                                                  - - TGTTTTTCTC GGTTGCTTCT CTATCAGTGG GCTGGATCTG CAATTCCGAC AG -             #TTGTTAGC   7860                                                                  - - ACCACTGCTT CTACACCAGT TAGCTATATG CAAACAGCTG CACCTGCAGC AA -             #CTCAGAGT   7920                                                                  - - GTTGTTTCTC GCAAATGTAA CTGGACCGAG CATACCTCGC CTGATGGATT TA -             #AGTATTAT   7980                                                                  - - TACAACGGTC AAACCGGTGA AAGCAAGGTG AGAAACGTGG TTCCTCTTTA GT -             #TATGTTCT   8040                                                                  - - CTTGTGAGTT TCAGGAGGAT TCCTTGTATT TGCTGTGCTA TTTATTATCC TT -             #GAACATGT   8100                                                                  - - ATATGTATAG ATTTCATATT TGAAGTTCAT CAATACGTGT CGTAATATAA TT -             #GACTTTTG   8160                                                                  - - CAGTGGGAAA AACCTGAGGA AATGGTATTG TTCGAACGTC AGCAACAGCA GC -             #CAACTATA   8220                                                                  - - AATCAGCCCC AGACCCAATC ACAGCAGGCT CTTTATTCCC AGCCGATGCA GC -             #AACAACCA   8280                                                                  - - CAACAGGTTC ACCAGCAATA TCAGGGCCAA TATGTACAGC AGCCTATTTA TT -             #CTTCAGTG   8340                                                                  - - GTTGGTTCTG TTTTCTTGCT GCTTACATCC ATATAGTTTT CTCACATGGT CT -             #CTAACTTG   8400                                                                  - - AATATGTATT CTTTTCCATT TGGAGTTGCA GTATCCAACT CCAGGGGTCA GC -             #CAGAATGC   8460                                                                  - - TCAGGTGTAT ATTTAGTTAA ATTATTTGCT TATCTTTCAT TTCAGAATTT GA -             #TCATTGAG   8520                                                                  - - TTACCAATCT AGTGGGTATA AGGAGACGGG CCACTTTATG CAATAAACCA TG -             #GTTTTACA   8580                                                                  - - AGCGTTTTGA ATATACAGAT ACAAACATCT AAATTTGATC ATTTCAAAAT TT -             #GATCATCG   8640                                                                  - - AGTTCCCTTT TCAATGCAGT ATCCGCCGCC ATTGGGAGTT AGTCAAAATA GC -             #CAGGTACA   8700                                                                  - - TATTTGAACC TTATTTCACG TGGGACTAAT TGAAATTCGA TTTTGATATG CA -             #TTTCATAA   8760                                                                  - - ATGTGAAGAT TTGATGAGTG GTCGTTTTGG TAGCGTTTTA GAAAACGATA TG -             #CATATATT   8820                                                                  - - CTCTAGTTGA ATATTTCTTT TTTCTGGAAC ATGCAGTTTC CTATGTCAGG CA -             #CCGGTCAA   8880                                                                  - - AATGCTCAGG TACATATTAT ATCATGCATC ATATCTTCTG ATTAACTTCA AA -             #TTTAATCA   8940                                                                  - - GAAAACATAC GTGAGATTCC AGTAGAAACA AAATCGATAT GACTGTATTG GT -             #TGGAAATG   9000                                                                  - - GTTAAGGCAG AGCTCATGTT CTAATGTGTT AAAATTTTCT AGGAATTT  - #                   9048                                                                         - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 5:                                     - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 675 amino - #acids                                                 (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS:                                                              (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                            - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO                                                    - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Brassica - #napus                                       - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #5:                            - - Met Gly Tyr Gly Phe Asp Gly Gly Phe Pro Pr - #o Met Ser Arg Asp Gly       1               5   - #                10  - #                15                - - Gly Phe Trp Pro Asn Val Pro Val Asn Phe Pr - #o Pro Ser Glu Ser Pro                   20      - #            25      - #            30                    - - Asp Ala Gly Gly Tyr Ser Gly Gly Arg Gly Ph - #e Gln Ser Thr Gly Pro               35          - #        40          - #        45                        - - Ala Tyr Ser Val Arg Leu Thr Ser Pro Pro Il - #e Gln Gln Pro Leu Ser           50              - #    55              - #    60                            - - Gly Gln Lys Arg Gly Arg Pro Leu Ser Glu Gl - #n Ser Ser Phe Thr Gly       65                  - #70                  - #75                  - #80         - - Thr Gly Leu Leu Ile Val Ala Val Met Val Ly - #s Leu Phe Val Gly Ser                       85  - #                90  - #                95                - - Val Pro Arg Thr Ala Thr Glu Glu Glu Val Ar - #g Pro Phe Ser Asn Asn                   100      - #           105      - #           110                   - - Thr Val Asn Val Leu Glu Val Ala Phe Ile Ly - #s Asp Lys Arg Thr Gly               115          - #       120          - #       125                       - - Gln Gln Gln Gly Cys Cys Phe Val Lys Tyr Al - #a Thr Ser Glu Asp Ala           130              - #   135              - #   140                           - - Asp Arg Ala Ile Arg Ala Leu His Asn Gln Il - #e Thr Leu Pro Gly Gly       145                 1 - #50                 1 - #55                 1 -       #60                                                                               - - Thr Gly Leu Val Gln Val Arg Tyr Ala Asp Gl - #y Glu Arg Glu Arg         Ile                                                                                              165  - #               170  - #               175              - - Gly Ala Val Glu Phe Lys Leu Phe Val Gly Se - #r Leu Asn Lys Gln Ala                   180      - #           185      - #           190                   - - Thr Glu Asn Glu Val Glu Glu Leu Phe Leu Gl - #n Phe Gly Arg Val Glu               195          - #       200          - #       205                       - - Asp Val Tyr Leu Met Arg Asp Glu Tyr Arg Gl - #n Ser Arg Gly Cys Gly           210              - #   215              - #   220                           - - Phe Val Lys Tyr Ser Ser Lys Glu Thr Ala Me - #t Ala Ala Ile Asp Gly       225                 2 - #30                 2 - #35                 2 -       #40                                                                               - - Leu Asn Gly Thr Tyr Thr Met Arg Gly Cys As - #n Gln Pro Leu Ile         Val                                                                                              245  - #               250  - #               255              - - Arg Phe Ala Asp Pro Lys Arg Pro Lys Pro Gl - #y Glu Ser Lys Glu Val                   260      - #           265      - #           270                   - - Ala His Pro Val Gly Leu Cys Ser Gly Pro Ar - #g Phe Gln Ala Ser Gly               275          - #       280          - #       285                       - - Pro Lys Pro Thr Ser Asn Leu Gly Asp Leu Se - #r Val Asp Val Ser His           290              - #   295              - #   300                           - - Thr Asn Pro Trp Arg Pro Met Asn Ser Pro As - #n Met Gly Pro Pro Gly       305                 3 - #10                 3 - #15                 3 -       #20                                                                               - - Asn Thr Gly Ile Arg Gly Thr Gly Ser Asp Le - #u Ala Pro Arg Pro         Gly                                                                                              325  - #               330  - #               335              - - Gln Ala Thr Leu Pro Ser Asn Gln Gly Gly Pr - #o Leu Gly Gly Tyr Val                   340      - #           345      - #           350                   - - Val Pro Ala Ile Asn Pro Leu Pro Val Ser Se - #r Ser Ala Thr Ser Gln               355          - #       360          - #       365                       - - Gln Gln Asn Arg Gly Ala Gly Gln His Met Se - #r Pro Leu Gln Lys Pro           370              - #   375              - #   380                           - - Leu His Ser Pro Gln Asp Val Pro Leu Arg Pr - #o Gln Thr Asn Phe Pro       385                 3 - #90                 3 - #95                 4 -       #00                                                                               - - Gly Ala Gln Ala Ser Leu Gln Asn Pro Tyr Gl - #y Tyr Ser Ser Gln         Leu                                                                                              405  - #               410  - #               415              - - Pro Thr Ser Gln Leu Arg Pro Gln Gln Asn Va - #l Thr Pro Ala Thr Ala                   420      - #           425      - #           430                   - - Pro Gln Ala Pro Leu Asn Ile Asn Leu Arg Pr - #o Thr Pro Val Ser Ser               435          - #       440          - #       445                       - - Ala Thr Asp Gln Leu Arg Pro Arg Ala Gln Gl - #n Pro Pro Pro Gln Lys           450              - #   455              - #   460                           - - Met Gln His Pro Pro Ser Glu Leu Val Gln Le - #u Leu Ser Gln Gln Thr       465                 4 - #70                 4 - #75                 4 -       #80                                                                               - - Gln Thr Leu Gln Ala Thr Phe Gln Ser Ser Gl - #n Gln Ala Phe Ser         Gln                                                                                              485  - #               490  - #               495              - - Leu Gln Glu Gln Val Gln Ser Met Gln Gln Pr - #o Asn Gln Lys Leu Pro                   500      - #           505      - #           510                   - - Gly Ser Gln Thr Gly His Gly Lys Gln Gln Tr - #p Ala Gly Ser Ala Ile               515          - #       520          - #       525                       - - Pro Thr Val Val Ser Thr Thr Ala Ser Thr Pr - #o Val Ser Tyr Met Gln           530              - #   535              - #   540                           - - Thr Ala Ala Pro Ala Ala Thr Gln Ser Val Va - #l Ser Arg Lys Cys Asn       545                 5 - #50                 5 - #55                 5 -       #60                                                                               - - Trp Thr Glu His Thr Ser Pro Asp Gly Phe Ly - #s Tyr Tyr Tyr Asn         Gly                                                                                              565  - #               570  - #               575              - - Gln Thr Gly Glu Ser Lys Trp Glu Lys Pro Gl - #u Glu Met Val Leu Phe                   580      - #           585      - #           590                   - - Glu Arg Gln Gln Gln Gln Pro Thr Ile Asn Gl - #n Pro Gln Thr Gln Ser               595          - #       600          - #       605                       - - Gln Gln Ala Leu Tyr Ser Gln Pro Met Gln Gl - #n Gln Pro Gln Gln Val           610              - #   615              - #   620                           - - His Gln Gln Tyr Gln Gly Gln Tyr Val Gln Gl - #n Pro Ile Tyr Ser Ser       625                 6 - #30                 6 - #35                 6 -       #40                                                                               - - Val Tyr Pro Thr Pro Gly Val Ser Gln Asn Al - #a Gln Tyr Pro Pro         Pro                                                                                              645  - #               650  - #               655              - - Leu Gly Val Ser Gln Asn Ser Gln Phe Pro Me - #t Ser Gly Thr Gly Gln                   660      - #           665      - #           670                   - - Asn Ala Gln                                                                       675                                                                     - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 6:                                     - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 78 amino - #acids                                                  (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS:                                                              (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                            - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO                                                    - -      (v) FRAGMENT TYPE: internal                                           - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #6:                            - - Asp Val Ser Asp Arg Ser Ser Thr Val Lys Le - #u Phe Val Gly Ser Val       1               5   - #                10  - #                15                - - Pro Arg Thr Ala Thr Glu Glu Glu Ile Arg Pr - #o Tyr Phe Glu Gln His                   20      - #            25      - #            30                    - - Gly Asn Val Leu Glu Val Ala Leu Ile Lys As - #p Lys Arg Thr Gly Gln               35          - #        40          - #        45                        - - Gln Gln Gly Cys Cys Phe Val Lys Tyr Ala Th - #r Ser Lys Asp Ala Asp           50              - #    55              - #    60                            - - Arg Ala Ile Arg Ala Leu His Asn Gln Ile Th - #r Leu Pro Gly               65                  - #70                  - #75                                - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 7:                                     - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 71 amino - #acids                                                  (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS:                                                              (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                            - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO                                                    - -      (v) FRAGMENT TYPE: internal                                           - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #7:                            - - Arg Glu Arg Ile Gly Thr Leu Glu Phe Lys Le - #u Phe Val Gly Ser Leu       1               5   - #                10  - #                15                - - Asn Lys Gln Ala Thr Glu Lys Glu Val Glu Gl - #u Ile Phe Leu Gln Phe                   20      - #            25      - #            30                    - - Gly His Val Glu Asp Val Tyr Leu Met Arg As - #p Glu Tyr Arg Gln Ser               35          - #        40          - #        45                        - - Arg Gly Cys Gly Phe Val Lys Tyr Ser Ser Ly - #s Glu Thr Ala Met Ala           50              - #    55              - #    60                            - - Ala Ile Asp Gly Leu Asn Gly                                               65                  - #70                                                       - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 8:                                     - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 36 amino - #acids                                                  (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS:                                                              (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                            - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO                                                    - -      (v) FRAGMENT TYPE: internal                                           - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #8:                            - - Trp Thr Glu His Thr Ser Pro Asp Gly Phe Ly - #s Tyr Tyr Tyr Asn Gly       1               5   - #                10  - #                15                - - Leu Thr Gly Glu Ser Lys Trp Glu Lys Pro Gl - #u Glu Met Ile Val Phe                   20      - #            25      - #            30                    - - Glu Arg Glu Gln                                                                   35                                                                      - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 9:                                     - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 7 amino - #acids                                                   (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS:                                                              (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                            - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO                                                    - -      (v) FRAGMENT TYPE: internal                                           - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #9:                            - - Phe Val Gly Ser Leu Asn Lys                                               1               5                                                               - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 10:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 22 base - #pairs                                                   (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid                                          (A) DESCRIPTION:  /desc - # = "Degenerate                                           oligonucleot - #ide"                                             - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO                                                    - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #10:                           - - TTYGTNGGNW SNYTRAAYAA RC           - #                  - #                      22                                                                       - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 11:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 7 amino - #acids                                                   (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (C) STRANDEDNESS:                                                              (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: peptide                                            - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO                                                    - -      (v) FRAGMENT TYPE: internal                                           - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #11:                           - - Arg Gly Cys Phe Val Lys Tyr                                               1               5                                                               - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 12:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 21 base - #pairs                                                   (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid                                          (A) DESCRIPTION:  /desc - # = "DEGENERATE                                           OLIGONUCLEOT - #IDE"                                             - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES                                                   - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #12:                           - - TAYTTNACRA ANCCRCANCC T           - #                  - #                       - #21                                                                    - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 13:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 28 base - #pairs                                                   (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid                                          (A) DESCRIPTION:   / - #desc = "Oligonucleotide"                      - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO                                                    - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #13:                           - - CAGGATCCTT CATCATCTTC GATACTCG         - #                  - #                  28                                                                       - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 14:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 20 base - #pairs                                                   (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid                                          (A) DESCRIPTION:   / - #desc = "Oligonucleotide"                      - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO                                                    - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #14:                           - - GTCCCTCAGA TTCACGCTTC            - #                  - #                       - # 20                                                                    - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 15:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 17 base - #pairs                                                   (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid                                          (A) DESCRIPTION:   / - #desc = "Oligonucleotide"                      - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES                                                   - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #15:                           - - CACTTTTCAA ACACATC             - #                  - #                       - #   17                                                                    - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 16:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 19 base - #pairs                                                   (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid                                          (A) DESCRIPTION:   / - #desc = "Oligonucleotide"                      - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES                                                   - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #16:                           - - GTTCTCTGTA CATTAACTC             - #                  - #                       - # 19                                                                    - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 17:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 20 base - #pairs                                                   (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid                                          (A) DESCRIPTION:   / - #desc = "Oligonucleotide"                      - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: NO                                                    - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #17:                           - - ATTGAGATTC TTACATACTG            - #                  - #                       - # 20                                                                    - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 18:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 17 base - #pairs                                                   (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid                                          (A) DESCRIPTION:   / - #desc = "Oligonucleotide"                      - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES                                                   - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #18:                           - - TAAGACATGT CTGACAG             - #                  - #                       - #   17                                                                    - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 19:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 17 base - #pairs                                                   (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid                                          (A) DESCRIPTION:   / - #desc = "Oligonucleotide"                      - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES                                                   - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #19:                           - - GTGATCTGAT TGTGCAG             - #                  - #                       - #   17                                                                    - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 20:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 17 base - #pairs                                                   (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid                                          (A) DESCRIPTION:   / - #desc = "Oligonucleotide"                      - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES                                                   - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #20:                           - - TAGACATCTT CCACATG             - #                  - #                       - #   17                                                                    - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 21:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 22 base - #pairs                                                   (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid                                          (A) DESCRIPTION:   / - #desc = "Oligonucleotide"                      - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES                                                   - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #21:                           - - CAATGGCTGA TTGCAACCTC TC           - #                  - #                      22                                                                       - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 22:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 19 base - #pairs                                                   (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid                                          (A) DESCRIPTION:   / - #desc = "Oligonucleotide"                      - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES                                                   - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #22:                           - - TCTTTGGCTC AGCAAACCG             - #                  - #                       - # 19                                                                    - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 23:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 17 base - #pairs                                                   (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid                                          (A) DESCRIPTION:   / - #desc = "Oligonucleotide"                      - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES                                                   - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #23:                           - - CAATGTGGCAGAAGATG              - #                  - #                       - # 17                                                                      - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 24:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 20 base - #pairs                                                   (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid                                          (A) DESCRIPTION:   / - #desc = "Oligonucleotide"                      - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES                                                   - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: Columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #24:                           - - AGGCCATTGT TTGGCAGCTC            - #                  - #                       - # 20                                                                    - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 25:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 20 base - #pairs                                                   (B) TYPE: nucleic acid                                                         (C) STRANDEDNESS: single                                                       (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: other nucleic acid                                          (A) DESCRIPTION:   / - #desc = "Oligonucleotide"                      - -    (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: YES                                                 - -     (iv) ANTI-SENSE: YES                                                   - -     (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE:                                                           (A) ORGANISM: Arabidopsis - #thaliana                                          (B) STRAIN: columbia                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #25:                           - - CCCAGCTAAG TTACTACTAG            - #                  - #                       - # 20                                                                    - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 26:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 688 amino - #acids                                                 (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #26:                           - - Met Gly Phe Ala Tyr Asp Asp Gly Phe Arg Pr - #o Met Gly Pro Asn Gly       1               5   - #                10  - #                15                - - Gly Val Gly Gly Glu Gly Thr Arg Ser Ile Va - #l Gly Ala Arg Tyr Asn                   20      - #            25      - #            30                    - - Tyr Pro Ala Lys Tyr Pro Pro Ser Glu Ser Pr - #o Asp Arg Arg Arg Phe               35          - #        40          - #        45                        - - Ile Gly Lys Ala Met Glu Ser Asp Tyr Ser Va - #l Arg Pro Thr Thr Pro           50              - #    55              - #    60                            - - Pro Val Gln Gln Pro Leu Ser Gly Gln Lys Ar - #g Gly Tyr Pro Ile Ser       65                  - #70                  - #75                  - #80         - - Asp His Gly Ser Phe Thr Gly Thr Asp Val Se - #r Asp Arg Ser Ser Thr                       85  - #                90  - #                95                - - Val Lys Leu Phe Val Gly Ser Val Pro Arg Th - #r Ala Thr Glu Glu Glu                   100      - #           105      - #           110                   - - Ile Arg Pro Tyr Phe Glu Gln His Gly Asn Va - #l Leu Glu Val Ala Leu               115          - #       120          - #       125                       - - Ile Lys Asp Lys Arg Thr Gly Gln Gln Gln Gl - #y Cys Cys Phe Val Lys           130              - #   135              - #   140                           - - Tyr Ala Thr Ser Lys Asp Ala Asp Arg Ala Il - #e Arg Ala Leu His Asn       145                 1 - #50                 1 - #55                 1 -       #60                                                                               - - Gln Ile Thr Leu Pro Gly Gly Thr Gly Pro Va - #l Gln Val Arg Tyr         Ala                                                                                              165  - #               170  - #               175              - - Asp Gly Glu Arg Glu Arg Ile Gly Thr Leu Gl - #u Phe Lys Leu Phe Val                   180      - #           185      - #           190                   - - Gly Ser Leu Asn Lys Gln Ala Thr Glu Lys Gl - #u Val Glu Glu Ile Phe               195          - #       200          - #       205                       - - Leu Gln Phe Gly His Val Glu Asp Val Tyr Le - #u Met Arg Asp Glu Tyr           210              - #   215              - #   220                           - - Arg Gln Ser Arg Gly Cys Gly Phe Val Lys Ty - #r Ser Ser Lys Glu Thr       225                 2 - #30                 2 - #35                 2 -       #40                                                                               - - Ala Met Ala Ala Ile Asp Gly Leu Asn Gly Th - #r Tyr Thr Met Arg         Gly                                                                                              245  - #               250  - #               255              - - Cys Asn Gln Pro Leu Ile Val Arg Phe Ala Gl - #u Pro Lys Arg Pro Lys                   260      - #           265      - #           270                   - - Pro Gly Glu Ser Arg Asp Met Ala Pro Pro Va - #l Gly Leu Gly Ser Gly               275          - #       280          - #       285                       - - Pro Arg Phe Gln Ala Ser Gly Pro Arg Pro Th - #r Ser Asn Phe Gly Asp           290              - #   295              - #   300                           - - Ser Ser Gly Asp Val Ser His Thr Asn Pro Tr - #p Arg Pro Ala Thr Ser       305                 3 - #10                 3 - #15                 3 -       #20                                                                               - - Arg Asn Val Gly Pro Pro Ser Asn Thr Gly Il - #e Arg Gly Ala Gly         Ser                                                                                              325  - #               330  - #               335              - - Asp Phe Ser Pro Lys Pro Gly Gln Ala Thr Le - #u Pro Ser Asn Gln Gly                   340      - #           345      - #           350                   - - Gly Pro Leu Gly Gly Tyr Gly Val Pro Pro Le - #u Asn Pro Leu Pro Val               355          - #       360          - #       365                       - - Pro Gly Val Ser Ser Ser Ala Thr Leu Gln Gl - #n Glu Asn Arg Ala Ala           370              - #   375              - #   380                           - - Gly Gln His Ile Thr Pro Leu Lys Lys Pro Le - #u His Ser Pro Gln Gly       385                 3 - #90                 3 - #95                 4 -       #00                                                                               - - Leu Pro Leu Pro Leu Arg Pro Glu Thr Asn Ph - #e Pro Gly Gly Gln         Ala                                                                                              405  - #               410  - #               415              - - Pro Leu Gln Asn Pro Tyr Ala Tyr Ser Ser Gl - #n Leu Pro Thr Ser Gln                   420      - #           425      - #           430                   - - Leu Pro Pro Gln Gln Asn Ile Ser Arg Ala Th - #r Ala Pro Gln Thr Pro               435          - #       440          - #       445                       - - Leu Asn Ile Asn Leu Arg Pro Thr Thr Val Se - #r Ser Ala Thr Val Gln           450              - #   455              - #   460                           - - Phe Pro Pro Arg Ser Gln Gln Gln Pro Leu Gl - #n Lys Met Gln His Pro       465                 4 - #70                 4 - #75                 4 -       #80                                                                               - - Pro Ser Glu Leu Ala Gln Leu Leu Ser Gln Gl - #n Thr Gln Ser Leu         Gln                                                                                              485  - #               490  - #               495              - - Ala Thr Phe Gln Ser Ser Gln Gln Ala Ile Se - #r Gln Leu Gln Gln Gln                   500      - #           505      - #           510                   - - Val Gln Ser Met Gln Gln Pro Asn Gln Asn Le - #u Pro Leu Ser Gln Asn               515          - #       520          - #       525                       - - Gly Arg Ala Gly Lys Gln Gln Trp Ala Gly Se - #r Ala Ile Pro Arg Val           530              - #   535              - #   540                           - - Ala Ser Thr Thr Gly Ser Thr Pro Val Ser Ty - #r Val Gln Thr Ala Ala       545                 5 - #50                 5 - #55                 5 -       #60                                                                               - - Pro Ala Val Ser Gln Ser Val Gly Ser Val Ly - #s Cys Thr Trp Thr         Glu                                                                                              565  - #               570  - #               575              - - His Thr Ser Pro Asp Gly Phe Lys Tyr Tyr Ty - #r Asn Gly Leu Thr Gly                   580      - #           585      - #           590                   - - Glu Ser Lys Trp Glu Lys Pro Glu Glu Met Il - #e Val Phe Glu Arg Glu               595          - #       600          - #       605                       - - Gln Gln Lys Gln Gln Gln His Gln Glu Lys Pr - #o Thr Ile Gln Gln Ser           610              - #   615              - #   620                           - - Gln Thr Gln Leu Gln Pro Leu Gln Gln Gln Pr - #o Gln Gln Val Gln Gln       625                 6 - #30                 6 - #35                 6 -       #40                                                                               - - Gln Tyr Gln Gly Gln Gln Leu Gln Gln Pro Ph - #e Tyr Ser Ser Leu         Tyr                                                                                              645  - #               650  - #               655              - - Pro Thr Pro Gly Ala Ser His Asn Thr Gln Ty - #r Pro Ser Leu Pro Val                   660      - #           665      - #           670                   - - Gly Gln Asn Ser Gln Phe Pro Met Ser Gly Il - #e Gly Gln Asn Ala Gln               675          - #       680          - #       685                       - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 27:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 72 amino - #acids                                                  (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #27:                           - - Met Asn Asp Pro Arg Ala Ser Asn Thr Asn Le - #u Ile Val Asn Tyr Leu       1               5   - #                10  - #                15                - - Pro Gln Asp Met Thr Asp Arg Glu Leu Tyr Al - #a Leu Phe Arg Ala Ile                   20      - #            25      - #            30                    - - Gly Pro Ile Asn Thr Cys Arg Ile Met Arg As - #p Tyr Lys Thr Gly Tyr               35          - #        40          - #        45                        - - Ser Phe Gly Tyr Ala Phe Val Asp Phe Thr Se - #r Glu Met Asp Ser Gln           50              - #    55              - #    60                            - - Arg Ala Ile Lys Val Leu Asn Gly                                           65                  - #70                                                       - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 28:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 78 amino - #acids                                                  (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #28:                           - - Pro Gly Gly Glu Ser Ile Lys Asp Thr Asn Le - #u Tyr Val Thr Asn Leu       1               5   - #                10  - #                15                - - Pro Arg Thr Ile Thr Asp Asp Gln Leu Asp Th - #r Ile Phe Gly Lys Tyr                   20      - #            25      - #            30                    - - Gly Ser Ile Val Gln Lys Asn Ile Leu Arg As - #p Lys Leu Thr Gly Arg               35          - #        40          - #        45                        - - Pro Arg Gly Val Ala Phe Val Arg Tyr Asn Ly - #s Arg Glu Glu Ala Gln           50              - #    55              - #    60                            - - Glu Ala Ile Ser Ala Leu Asn Asn Val Ile Pr - #o Glu Gly Gly               65                  - #70                  - #75                                - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 29:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 77 amino - #acids                                                  (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #29:                           - - Ser Arg Glu His Pro Gln Ala Ser Arg Cys Il - #e Gly Val Phe Gly Leu       1               5   - #                10  - #                15                - - Asn Thr Asn Thr Ser Gln His Lys Val Arg Gl - #u Leu Phe Asn Lys Tyr                   20      - #            25      - #            30                    - - Gly Pro Ile Glu Arg Ile Gln Met Val Ile As - #p Ala Gln Thr Gln Arg               35          - #        40          - #        45                        - - Ser Arg Gly Phe Cys Phe Ile Tyr Phe Glu Ly - #s Leu Ser Asp Ala Arg           50              - #    55              - #    60                            - - Ala Ala Lys Asp Ser Cys Ser Gly Ile Glu Va - #l Asp Gly                   65                  - #70                  - #75                                - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 30:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 36 amino - #acids                                                  (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #30:                           - - Trp Lys Glu Ala Lys Asp Ala Ser Gly Arg Il - #e Tyr Tyr Tyr Asn Thr       1               5   - #                10  - #                15                - - Leu Thr Lys Lys Ser Thr Trp Glu Lys Pro Ly - #s Glu Leu Ile Ser Gln                   20      - #            25      - #            30                    - - Glu Glu Leu Leu                                                                   35                                                                      - -  - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 31:                                    - -      (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:                                                  (A) LENGTH: 36 amino - #acids                                                  (B) TYPE: amino acid                                                           (D) TOPOLOGY: linear                                                  - -     (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #31:                           - - Trp Lys Glu Phe Met Ser Asp Asp Gly Lys Pr - #o Tyr Tyr Tyr Asn Thr       1               5   - #                10  - #                15                - - Leu Thr Lys Lys Thr Gln Trp Val Lys Pro As - #p Gly Glu Glu Ile Thr                   20      - #            25      - #            30                    - - Lys Gly Glu Gln                                                          __________________________________________________________________________ 

What is claimed is:
 1. An isolated nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence coding for a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 2 (SEQ ID NO:3).
 2. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 1 wherein the coding sequence comprises a sequence shown as an exon in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1).
 3. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 2 wherein the coding sequence comprises the sequences shown as exons in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1).
 4. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 1 comprising an intron.
 5. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 4 comprising an intron as shown in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1).
 6. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 5 wherein said intron is intron 3 of FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1).
 7. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 1 further comprising a regulatory sequence for expression of said polypeptide.
 8. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 7 comprising an inducible promoter.
 9. An isolated nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a coding sequence of claim 1 or a fragment of said coding sequence, wherein said nucleic acid is DNA and said nucleotide sequence is under control of a regulatory sequence for anti-sense transcription.
 10. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 9 comprising an inducible promoter.
 11. A nucleic acid vector suitable for transformation of a plant cell and comprising nucleic acid according to claim
 1. 12. A host cell containing a nucleic acid according to claim 11, which nucleic acid is heterologous to the host cell.
 13. A host cell according to claim 12 which is bacterial.
 14. A host cell according to claim 12 which is a plant cell.
 15. A plant cell according to claim 14 having said nucleic acid, which nucleic acid is heterologous to the host cell, within its genome.
 16. A plant cell according to claim 15 having more than one said nucleic acid per haploid genome.
 17. A plant part comprising a plant cell according to claim
 16. 18. A plant comprising a plant cell according to claim
 14. 19. A method of influencing timing of flowering of a plant, the method comprising causing or allowing expression of the polypeptide encoded by the heterologous nucleic acid according to claim 1 within cells of the plant, wherein said polypeptide influences timing of flowering of said plant.
 20. A method of influencing timing of flowering of a plant, the method comprising causing or allowing transcription from the heterologous nucleic acid according to claim 1 within cells of the plant, wherein said transcription influences timing of flowering of said plant.
 21. A method of influencing timing of flowering of a plant, the method comprising causing or allowing anti-sense transcription from the nucleic acid according to claim 9 within cells of the plant, wherein said anti-sense transcription influences timing of flowering of said plant.
 22. An isolated nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence coding for a polypeptide which on expression in a transgenic plant advances flowering time of the plant, wherein the nucleic acid positively hybridizes in a Southern hybridization experiment to an Arabidopsis thaliana FCA probe of which the coding strand nucleotide sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and said polypeptide comprises an RNA recognition motif encoded by a nucleic acid amplified by PCR using the following pair of degenerate primers:

    Primer 1: TTT GTG GGG AGG CTG AAC AAG C                                          -           TTC GTA GGA TCA TTA AAT AAA C                                      -           TTT GTT GGT AGT CTG AAC AAG C                                      -           TTC GTC GGC AGC CTG AAC AAG C                                      - Primer 2: TAT TTG ACG AAG CCG CAG CCT                                        -           TAC TTA ACA AAA CCA CAA CCT                                        -           TAT TTT ACG AAT CCG CAT CCT                                        -           TAT TTC ACG AAC CCG CAC CCT.                                


23. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 22 that has the nucleotide sequence of intron 3 of FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1) and all the exons of FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1) except for the exon nucleotides indicated in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1) to be within the alternative intron splicing sites around intron
 13. 24. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 22 that has the nucleotide sequence of all the exons of FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1) except for the exon nucleotides indicated in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1) to be within the alternative intron splicing sites around intron
 13. 25. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 22 that has the nucleotide sequence of all the exons of FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1) including the exon nucleotides indicated in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1) to be within the alternative intron splicing sites around intron
 13. 26. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 22 which has the nucleotide sequence of an Arabidopsis thaliana FCA homologue of a species of Brassica.
 27. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 26 wherein said homologue comprises the amino acid sequence shown in FIG. 8b (SEQ ID NO:5).
 28. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 27 comprising the coding sequence shown in FIG. 8a (SEQ ID NO:4).
 29. An isolated nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence complementary to a coding sequence of claim 22 or a fragment of said coding sequence, wherein said nucleic acid is DNA and said nucleotide sequence is under control of a regulatory sequence for anti-sense transcription.
 30. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 29 comprising an inducible promoter.
 31. A method of influencing timing of flowering of a plant, the method comprising causing or allowing anti-sense transcription from the nucleic acid according to claim 29 within cells of the plant, wherein said anti-sense transcription influences timing of flowering of said plant.
 32. An isolated nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence coding for a polypeptide which on expression in a transgenic plant delays flowering time of the plant, which delay is corrected by vernalization, wherein the nucleic acid positively hybridizes in a Southern hybridization experiment to an Arabidopsis thaliana FCA probe of which the coding strand nucleotide sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO:1, and said polypeptide comprises an RNA recognition motif encoded by nucleic acid amplified by PCR using the following pair of degenerate primers:

    Primer 1: TTT GTG GGG AGG CTG AAC AAG C                                          -           TTC GTA GGA TCA TTA AAT AAA C                                      -           TTT GTT GGT AGT CTG AAC AAG C                                      -           TTC GTC GGC AGC CTG AAC AAG C                                      - Primer 2: TAT TTG ACG AAG CCG CAG CCT                                        -           TAC TTA ACA AAA CCA CAA CCT                                        -           TAT TTT ACG AAT CCG CAT CCT                                        -           TAT TTC ACG AAC CCG CAC CCT.                                


33. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 22 or claim 32 comprising an intron.
 34. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 33 comprising an intron as shown in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1).
 35. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 34 wherein said intron is intron 3 of FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NO:1).
 36. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 35 comprising the nucleotide sequence of FIG. 3 (SEQ ID NO:2).
 37. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 22 or claim 32 further comprising a regulatory sequence for expression of said polypeptide.
 38. An isolated nucleic acid according to claim 37 comprising an inducible promoter.
 39. A nucleic acid vector suitable for transformation of a plant cell and comprising nucleic acid according to claim 22 or claim
 32. 40. A host cell containing a nucleic acid according to claim 22 or claim 32, which nucleic acid is heterologous to the host cell.
 41. A host cell according to claim 40 which is bacterial.
 42. A host cell according to claim 40 which is a plant cell.
 43. A plant cell according to claim 42 having said nucleic acid, which nucleic acid is heterologous to the host cell, within its genome.
 44. A plant cell according to claim 43 having more than one said nucleic acid per haploid genome.
 45. A plant comprising a plant cell according to claim
 42. 46. A plant part comprising a plant cell according to claim
 42. 47. A method of influencing timing of flowering of a plant, the method comprising causing or allowing expression of the polypeptide encoded by the heterologous nucleic acid according to claim 22 or claim 32 within cells of the plant, wherein said polypeptide influences timing of flowering of said plant.
 48. A method of influencing timing of flowering of a plant, the method comprising causing or allowing transcription from the heterologous nucleic acid according to claim 22 or claim 44 within cells of the plant, wherein said transcription influences timing of flowering of said plant.
 49. A pair of degenerate oligonucleotide primers with the following sequences:

    Primer 1: TTT GTG GGG AGG CTG AAC AAG C                                          -           TTC GTA GGA TCA TTA AAT AAA C                                      -           TTT GTT GGT AGT CTG AAC AAG C                                      -           TTC GTC GGC AGC CTG AAC AAG C                                      - Primer 2: TAT TTG ACG AAG CCG CAG CCT                                        -           TAC TTA ACA AAA CCA CAA CCT                                        -           TAT TTT ACG AAT CCG CAT CCT                                        -           TAT TTC ACG AAC CCG CAC CCT.                                


50. A method of amplifying a FCA homologue from a species of plant other than Arabidopsis thaliana, the method comprising generating amplification products by subjecting nucleic acid of said species to PCR employing a pair of degenerate oligonucleotide primers with the following sequences:

    Primer 1: TTT GTG GGG AGG CTG AAC AAG C                                          -           TTC GTA GGA TCA TTA AAT AAA C                                      -           TTT GTT GGT AGT CTG AAC AAG C                                      -           TTC GTC GGC AGC CTG AAC AAG C                                      - Primer 2: TAT TTG ACG AAG CCG CAG CCT                                        -           TAC TTA ACA AAA CCA CAA CCT                                        -           TAT TTT ACG AAT CCG CAT CCT                                        -           TAT TTC ACG AAC CCG CAC CCT.                                

and analyzing said amplification products to identify said FCA homologue.
 51. A method according to claim 50 further comprising isolating a nucleic acid that has been amplified employing said primers. 